五、阅读与表达。（第1~3小题每小题2分，第4小题4分，共10分）
The Earth is about 4,600 million years old. People live on Earth for about 3 million years. But we change the Earth in many ways. Many things we do are good, but some are not good for the Earth.
Water pollution
Many birds and fish die every year because of water pollution. Factories pollute the water. As a result, the water in many rivers and lakes is very dirty now.
Air pollution
In big cities, factories, cars and buses are the main causes of air pollution. Many people in cities now have health problems. For example, Mexico used to be a beautiful place for people to live, but today there is lots of PM2.5 in the air. And many people get ill because of the polluted air.
Soil(土壤) pollution
In order to have a better harvest, some farmers use chemicals(化学物质) in their fields. That's bad for the soil.
These problems are very bad for our future, so all of us should do something to protect the environment. If we can stop pollution, the Earth will become more and more beautiful.
1. How long do people live on Earth?

2. Why do many people get ill?

3. How many kinds of pollution does the writer talk about in this text?

4. What can you do to help protect the environment? Write 20 words or more.

1. People live on Earth for about 3 million years.
2. Many people get ill because of the polluted air.
3. Three/3.
4. We can save water and electricity, plant more trees, recycle waste, reduce the use of plastic bags, use public transportation or bikes, and encourage others to protect our environment together.

【分析】
这是一道英语阅读理解题，解题思路为：针对第1、2、3题，属于细节查找和信息归纳类题目，需带着问题定位原文对应段落，提取与问题相关的原句或信息；第4题是开放性表达题，需围绕环保主题，用规范英语表达，满足字数要求。具体步骤：第1题定位第一段人类在地球居住时长的内容；第2题定位空气污染段落中人生病的原因；第3题统计文中提及的污染类型；第4题列举具体环保做法即可。
【解析】
1. 从原文第一段“People live on Earth for about 3 million years.”可直接提取答案。
2. 从原文空气污染段落最后一句“And many people get ill because of the polluted air.”可直接提取答案。
3. 文中明确提到Water pollution、Air pollution、Soil pollution三种污染，故答案为Three/3。
4. 围绕环保主题，列举节约用水用电、植树、回收利用等具体做法，满足20词以上要求，示例答案符合要求。
【答案】
1. People live on Earth for about 3 million years.
2. Many people get ill because of the polluted air.
3. Three/3.
4. We can save water and electricity, plant more trees, recycle waste, reduce the use of plastic bags, use public transportation or bikes, and encourage others to protect our environment together.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、信息归纳
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解能力，涵盖细节查找、信息归纳和开放性表达，题型基础，贴近环保主题，能引导学生关注环境保护。
【难度系数】
0.7

六、首字母填空。(每空2分,共10分)
Li Hua is one of my best friends. He is a 1. p and patient boy. He is also good at maths. When I meet difficult problems, I often study with him to 2. s them together. When we feel sad, we talk to each other and soon feel glad again. We also enjoy doing many things together, such as 3. c stamps. He says it's fun to play with me. When I achieve my goals, I enjoy
sharing my 4. s with him. With his help, I'm improving my maths and becoming more 5. c. Good friends like Li Hua bring joy and courage into our lives.

1. popular/polite 2. solve 3. collecting
4. success 5. confident

【分析】
做首字母填空题时，需结合上下文语境、首字母提示，同时考虑单词的词性和形式变化。1. 空处修饰名词boy，需填形容词，首字母为p，结合“好朋友”的语境，可填popular（受欢迎的）或polite（有礼貌的）；2. 空处需填动词，结合“遇到难题”和首字母s，表“解决”的含义；3. such as后接动名词，结合“邮票”和首字母c，对应“收集”的动名词形式；4. 空处需填名词，结合“实现目标”和首字母s，对应“成功”；5. 空处需填形容词，结合“数学进步”和首字母c，对应“自信的”。
【解析】
1. 修饰名词boy需用形容词，首字母为p，结合语境“好朋友”，popular（受欢迎的）或polite（有礼貌的）均符合要求；
2. 此处为不定式表目的，需用动词原形，结合“难题”和首字母s，solve（解决）符合语境；
3. such as后接动名词，结合“邮票”和首字母c，collect（收集）的动名词形式collecting正确；
4. 形容词性物主代词my后需接名词，结合“实现目标”和首字母s，success（成功）符合；
5. become后接形容词作表语，结合“数学进步”和首字母c，confident（自信的）符合语境。
【答案】
1. popular/polite 2. solve 3. collecting 4. success 5. confident
【知识点】
首字母填空、词汇运用、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为基础首字母填空题，考查学生对常用词汇的掌握及语境理解能力，难度适中，需结合上下文和首字母提示准确填写单词的正确形式。
【难度系数】
0.5