一、词汇运用
1. The speech he gave was quite short but really (鼓舞人心的) to all listeners.
2. Your hard work greatly improves your (表现) in this important exam.
3. It is not (公正的) to form an opinion of a person only based on his looks.
4. Our school basketball team reached the (半决赛) of the city competition.
5. As the biggest (爱尔兰的) city, Dublin attracts millions of visitors every year.
6. The audience cheered loudly when the (赛跑运动员) were passing by.

1. inspiring 2. performance 3. fair 4. semi-final 5. Irish
6. runners

【分析】
本题为根据汉语提示填写正确英语单词的词汇运用题，解题思路是先明确每个空格的汉语含义，再结合句子语境判断单词的词性、单复数等形式，确保填入的单词符合语法和语义要求。
【解析】
1. 句意为“他的演讲很短但对所有听众很鼓舞人心”，“鼓舞人心的”对应形容词inspiring；
2. 句意为“你的努力极大提升了你在这次重要考试中的表现”，“表现”对应名词performance；
3. 句意为“仅根据外貌评价一个人是不公正的”，“公正的”对应形容词fair；
4. 句意为“我们学校篮球队进入了市比赛的半决赛”，“半决赛”对应名词semi-final；
5. 句意为“作为爱尔兰最大的城市，都柏林每年吸引数百万游客”，“爱尔兰的”对应形容词Irish；
6. 句意为“当赛跑运动员经过时，观众大声欢呼”，根据后面的were可知主语需用复数，“赛跑运动员”对应名词复数runners。
【答案】
1. inspiring 2. performance 3. fair 4. semi-final 5. Irish 6. runners
【知识点】
词汇运用、形容词、名词
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇的运用，需掌握常见汉语对应的英语单词及词性、单复数变化，难度适中，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.8

() 1. Andy is a science fan. I visit him, he is either watching science videos or doing experiments（实验）.

A.However
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Whenever

1.D

【分析】首先理解句子语境：安迪是科学迷，______我拜访他，他要么看科学视频要么做实验。需选择合适的连词，先明确各选项含义：A However（然而，表转折，为副词，不能引导从句）；B Whoever（无论谁，指代人）；C Whatever（无论什么，指代事物）；D Whenever（无论何时，表时间）。结合语境，此处需要表时间的连词，故选D。
【解析】本题考查连词的词义辨析。逐一分析选项：A However是副词，无法引导从句，排除；B Whoever指代人，不符合句子语境，排除；C Whatever指代事物，不符合语境，排除；D Whenever意为“无论何时”，可引导让步状语从句，契合“无论我什么时候拜访他”的语境，因此选D。
【答案】D
【知识点】连词辨析，让步状语从句
【点评】本题为基础的连词词义辨析题，需结合句子语境判断连词的用法，难度适中，属于学生应掌握的基础知识点。
【难度系数】0.6

（）2. That's not ! Why do you always give more chances to Jim than me?

A.fair
B.real
C.usual
D.normal

2.A

【分析】先理解句子语境，后半句质问为何给吉姆更多机会，说明前半句需表达“不公平”的含义，需辨析四个选项形容词的词义，选出符合语境的选项。
【解析】句子意为“那不是______！为什么你总是给吉姆比我更多的机会？”A项fair表示“公平的”，契合语境；B项real意为“真实的”，C项usual意为“通常的”，D项normal意为“正常的”，均不符合语境，因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】形容词词义辨析
【点评】本题考查形容词词义辨析，结合句子语境即可选出正确答案，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.3

() 3. the difficult situation, the manager of the company said they would develop new products to meet the needs of customers (顾客).

A.In the hope of
B.In the need of
C.In the face of
D.In addition to

3.C

【分析】
本题考查介词短语的词义辨析，解题思路是先明确每个选项中介词短语的含义，再结合句子语境判断符合逻辑的短语，从而选出正确答案。
【解析】
逐一分析各选项：
A. In the hope of：意为“怀着……的希望”，代入句子后语义不通，不符合语境；
B. In the need of：意为“需要……”，句子并非表达“需要困难情况”，逻辑错误；
C. In the face of：意为“面对……”，代入后表示“面对困难的情况”，符合句子语境；
D. In addition to：意为“除……之外”，代入后语义不符合句子表达的含义。
综上，正确答案为C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
介词短语辨析
【点评】
本题考查常用介词短语的含义，需准确记忆各短语的意思并结合语境选择，属于基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

() 4. It made us sad to read that the little match girl suffered greatly and failed to the tough winter.

A.run out
B.live through
C.get away from
D.go over

4.B

【分析】本题为英语动词短语辨析题，解题思路是：先理解题干句意，再逐一辨析选项中动词短语的含义，结合语境选出符合逻辑的短语。
【解析】题干句意：读卖火柴的小女孩遭受巨大痛苦却没能熬过艰难冬天的内容让我们难过。逐一分析选项：A.run out意为“用完；耗尽”，不符合语境；B.live through意为“度过；熬过（困难时期）”，契合小女孩没能熬过冬天的语境；C.get away from意为“逃离；摆脱”，侧重离开某地或摆脱某人，不符合；D.go over意为“复习；仔细检查”，与语境无关。因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】动词短语辨析、语境理解
【点评】本题考查常用英语动词短语的含义，需结合语境准确判断短语的适用场景，是初中英语的基础考点，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.3

（）5. — You got up late. Did you miss the job interview this morning?
— No, I took a taxi and the company just on time.

A.made it to
B.held on to
C.stood up for
D.got away from

5.A

【分析】本题为动词短语辨析题，解题思路是先明确对话语境，再逐一辨析各选项动词短语的含义，最后结合语境选出符合句意的选项。对话语境为：一方询问对方起晚后是否错过面试，对方回应未错过，坐出租车准时到达了公司，据此匹配合适的短语即可。
【解析】先翻译对话：“——你起晚了，今天早上错过工作面试了吗？——没有，我坐了出租车，准时到达了公司。”再辨析选项：A. made it to 表示“成功抵达、及时赶到”，契合“准时到公司”的语境；B. held on to 意为“紧紧抓住、坚持”，不符合；C. stood up for 意为“支持、维护”，不符合；D. got away from 意为“逃离、摆脱”，不符合。因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】动词短语辨析；固定搭配
【点评】本题考查常用动词短语的含义辨析，属于基础词汇运用题，难度较低，学生掌握常见短语意思并结合语境即可作答。
【难度系数】0.7

三、动词填空
1. If I can get another chance, I promise I (not disappoint) you.
2. However hard the problem was, they (stick) to the plan and made it finally.
3. (perform) this dance well, the students have practised it for three weeks.
4. You'd better not go to Thailand on holiday since you (travel) there twice.
5. I think that a person's personality (matter) more than his IQ to his success.
6. — I'm afraid such sadness will stay with me for a long time.
— Don't worry. The terrible feeling (take) away with time going by.

1. won't disappoint 2. stuck 3. To perform 4. have travelled
5. matters 6. will be taken

【分析】本题为动词填空题，需结合句子语境、时态规则、非谓语用法及被动语态等知识点确定动词的正确形式。解题思路：1. 根据if引导的条件状语从句“主将从现”原则，确定主句时态；2. 由并列句中动词的时态一致性判断过去式；3. 分析非谓语动词作目的状语的用法；4. 根据时间标志词（如twice）确定现在完成时；5. 结合主谓一致确定一般现在时的动词形式；6. 结合语境判断被动语态的将来时态。
【解析】1. if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，主句用一般将来时，故填won't disappoint；2. 并列连词and连接的动词时态一致，后面made为过去式，故stick用过去式stuck；3. 此处表目的，用不定式To perform作目的状语；4. 句中twice表次数，需用现在完成时，故填have travelled；5. 主语a person's personality为单数，一般现在时中动词用第三人称单数形式，故填matters；6. 句中表将来的被动动作，用一般将来时的被动语态，故填will be taken。
【答案】1. won't disappoint 2. stuck 3. To perform 4. have travelled 5. matters 6. will be taken
【知识点】动词时态、非谓语动词、被动语态
【点评】本题考查初中英语核心的动词形式变化考点，涵盖时态、非谓语、被动等基础知识点，需掌握不同语境下动词形式的判断方法，属于基础题型。
【难度系数】0.7

四、信息还原
Nobody likes to fail. Failures make people feel down. 1. Researchers at the University of Arizona, US, found that being wrong about 15% of the time is the key to learning new things. At school, teachers believe students learn better when they are challenged to understand ideas just a little harder than what they already know. 2. But if tasks are too easy, students won't gain useful new knowledge.
But the exact percentage of mistakes to help students learn better is not clear. While 15% worked in the tests, researchers are not sure if the same number fits real classrooms. 3. And students should remember that they don't need to feel sad if they aren't right all the time.
4. Another study from North-western University, US, gives an answer. You have probably heard of the saying, "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again." However, this study found that persistence (坚持) only works if you learn from your failures.
5. The faster you try again, the better your chance of success will be next time. Instead, the longer you wait between tries, the more likely you are to fail again in the same way.
A. Students learn best when tasks are simple.
B. The time between tries is also very important.
C. Maybe teachers should set suitable standards for their classes.
D. Teachers should praise students who make the fewest mistakes.
E. If tasks are too difficult, students may give up easily.
F. However, some studies have shown that failure is not always bad.
G. If failure is normal, then how do we learn from it and become successful?

1.F 2.E 3.C 4.G 5.B

【分析】
解答本题需先通读全文把握语篇大意，再结合每个空格前后的语境，分析选项与上下文的逻辑关系（如转折、因果、衔接等），逐一匹配正确选项。
【解析】
1. 空格前提到“失败让人沮丧”，空格后转折指出“犯错15%是学习关键”，需表转折的选项，选F；
2. 空格前说明“老师认为挑战比现有知识难一点更好”，空格后提到“任务太容易不行”，需对应“任务太难”的选项，选E；
3. 空格前指出“15%的比例不确定是否适合真实课堂”，需提出解决办法的选项，即老师要设合适标准，选C；
4. 空格前提到“学生不用总对就难过”，空格后引出“从失败学习的研究”，需衔接“如何从失败学习”的选项，选G；
5. 空格后围绕“再次尝试的时间”展开，需对应“尝试间隔时间重要”的选项，选B。
【答案】
1.F 2.E 3.C 4.G 5.B
【知识点】
信息还原、阅读理解逻辑衔接
【点评】
本题为信息还原类阅读理解题，重点考查学生的语篇理解与逻辑推理能力，需结合上下文语境的逻辑关系匹配选项，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6