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五、阅读理解。
Think of the animal world, and a group of colourful wild animals will spring to mind: a parrot's rainbow feathers or the showy scales of sea fish. But, many mammals(哺乳动物) on the planet come in only two colours: black and white. Spend some time exploring what science has discovered about these animals' appearances, and you'll see that basic black and white isn't so basic at all.
The panda's white body helps it hide in snowy areas. The arms and legs are black, helping it hide in forests. The markings on its head are not used to hide, but to communicate. Black ears can act as a warning to enemies.
Depending on the species, black skunks(臭鼬) may wear white spots that act as covering or white stripes that signal enemies to be aware of their smelly spray, which causes no real harm to its victims, but it makes them uncomfortable.
Zebras' thin coats make them more vulnerable than long-haired animals to biting flies that carry disease, but the coats, stripes prevent flies from landing on them, for reasons that scientists are still studying. Further, their attractiveness to flies increases with stripe width. No two zebras' stripes are exactly the same.
(
A. The panda's white parts help it hide against snow.
B. Both white spots and white stripes help skunks kill their victims.
C. Zebras with wider stripes are less attractive to flies.
D. Scientists have already known all the secrets about the stripes.
(
A. Being easily landed.
B. Being easily attracted.
C. Being easily discovered.
D. Being easily attacked.
(
A. Why animal stripes come in different shapes
B. Why so many animals wear black-and-white coats
C. How wild animals protect themselves from enemies
D. How black and white become basic colours in animal world
Think of the animal world, and a group of colourful wild animals will spring to mind: a parrot's rainbow feathers or the showy scales of sea fish. But, many mammals(哺乳动物) on the planet come in only two colours: black and white. Spend some time exploring what science has discovered about these animals' appearances, and you'll see that basic black and white isn't so basic at all.
The panda's white body helps it hide in snowy areas. The arms and legs are black, helping it hide in forests. The markings on its head are not used to hide, but to communicate. Black ears can act as a warning to enemies.
Depending on the species, black skunks(臭鼬) may wear white spots that act as covering or white stripes that signal enemies to be aware of their smelly spray, which causes no real harm to its victims, but it makes them uncomfortable.
Zebras' thin coats make them more vulnerable than long-haired animals to biting flies that carry disease, but the coats, stripes prevent flies from landing on them, for reasons that scientists are still studying. Further, their attractiveness to flies increases with stripe width. No two zebras' stripes are exactly the same.
(
A
)1. According to the passage, which of the following sentences is true?A. The panda's white parts help it hide against snow.
B. Both white spots and white stripes help skunks kill their victims.
C. Zebras with wider stripes are less attractive to flies.
D. Scientists have already known all the secrets about the stripes.
(
D
)2. What does the underlined word "vulnerable" mean?A. Being easily landed.
B. Being easily attracted.
C. Being easily discovered.
D. Being easily attacked.
(
B
)3. Which could be the best title for the passage?A. Why animal stripes come in different shapes
B. Why so many animals wear black-and-white coats
C. How wild animals protect themselves from enemies
D. How black and white become basic colours in animal world
答案
1. A 2. D 3. B
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节判断、词义猜测、主旨归纳三类题型。解题时需：1. 第1题将每个选项与原文对应内容逐一比对，判断正误；2. 第2题结合划线词所在句的上下文语境推测词义；3. 第3题梳理全文核心内容，提炼主旨。
【解析】1. 选项A：根据原文第二段“The panda's white body helps it hide in snowy areas”，可知熊猫白色身体帮助其在雪地隐藏，A正确；选项B：原文第三段提到臭鼬的白色条纹是警示敌人注意其臭液，并非帮助杀害受害者，B错误；选项C：原文第四段指出“their attractiveness to flies increases with stripe width”，即条纹越宽对苍蝇吸引力越大，C错误；选项D：原文第四段说明科学家对条纹的原因仍在研究，尚未完全了解，D错误，故第1题选A。2. 划线词“vulnerable”所在句意为“斑马的薄皮毛使它们比长毛动物更容易被携带疾病的蝇叮咬”，结合语境可知该词意为“易受攻击的”，对应选项D。3. 全文围绕“很多哺乳动物为黑白配色及该配色的作用”展开，选项B契合主旨，A、C、D均偏离核心，故第3题选B。
【答案】1.A 2.D 3.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解的核心能力，涵盖细节定位、词义推测和主旨归纳，需学生精准抓取原文信息，逻辑分析到位，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 选项A：根据原文第二段“The panda's white body helps it hide in snowy areas”，可知熊猫白色身体帮助其在雪地隐藏，A正确；选项B：原文第三段提到臭鼬的白色条纹是警示敌人注意其臭液，并非帮助杀害受害者，B错误；选项C：原文第四段指出“their attractiveness to flies increases with stripe width”，即条纹越宽对苍蝇吸引力越大，C错误；选项D：原文第四段说明科学家对条纹的原因仍在研究，尚未完全了解，D错误，故第1题选A。2. 划线词“vulnerable”所在句意为“斑马的薄皮毛使它们比长毛动物更容易被携带疾病的蝇叮咬”，结合语境可知该词意为“易受攻击的”，对应选项D。3. 全文围绕“很多哺乳动物为黑白配色及该配色的作用”展开，选项B契合主旨，A、C、D均偏离核心，故第3题选B。
【答案】1.A 2.D 3.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解的核心能力，涵盖细节定位、词义推测和主旨归纳，需学生精准抓取原文信息，逻辑分析到位，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
