10. 计算$(-\dfrac{1}{2})+(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{2}{3})+(-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{2}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4})+(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{3}{5}+\dfrac{4}{5})+\dots+(\dfrac{1}{55}+\dfrac{2}{55}+\dots+\dfrac{54}{55})$的值是________.
答案
10. $\dfrac{27}{2}$ 原式$=-\dfrac{1}{2}+1-\dfrac{3}{2}+2-\dfrac{5}{2}+3-\dfrac{7}{2}+\dots+27 = (-\dfrac{1}{2}+1)+(-\dfrac{3}{2}+2)+(-\dfrac{5}{2}+3)+\dots +(-\dfrac{53}{2}+27)=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2}=27×\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{27}{2}$。
11. 新情境 游戏活动 在数学活动课上,同学们设计了一个游戏,游戏规则如下:每人每次抽取四张卡片,如果抽到深灰色卡片,那么减去卡片上的数;如果抽到白色卡片,那么加上卡片上的数。比较两名同学所抽四张卡片的计算结果,结果较大的选为数学小组长。如图,明明抽到了第一组的四张卡片,亮亮抽到了第二组的四张卡片,且两人起始数均为0,则明明、亮亮谁会成为数学小组长?
第一组:$-3$,$\frac{3}{4}$,$-5$,$-\frac{5}{6}$
第二组:$-\frac{1}{2}$,
,$-\frac{1}{6}$,4
第一组:$-3$,$\frac{3}{4}$,$-5$,$-\frac{5}{6}$
第二组:$-\frac{1}{2}$,
答案
11. 明明:$0-(-3)+\dfrac{3}{4}-(-5)+(-\dfrac{5}{6})=3+\dfrac{3}{4}+5-\dfrac{5}{6}=(3+5)+(\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{5}{6})=8-\dfrac{1}{12}=7\dfrac{11}{12}$。
亮亮:$0+(-\dfrac{1}{2})-(-2)-(-\dfrac{1}{6})+4=-\dfrac{1}{2}+2+\dfrac{1}{6}+4=(2+4)+(-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{6})=6-\dfrac{1}{3}=5\dfrac{2}{3}$。
因为$7\dfrac{11}{12}>5\dfrac{2}{3}$,所以明明会成为数学小组长。
亮亮:$0+(-\dfrac{1}{2})-(-2)-(-\dfrac{1}{6})+4=-\dfrac{1}{2}+2+\dfrac{1}{6}+4=(2+4)+(-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{6})=6-\dfrac{1}{3}=5\dfrac{2}{3}$。
因为$7\dfrac{11}{12}>5\dfrac{2}{3}$,所以明明会成为数学小组长。
阅读下面的解答过程.
计算:$\frac{1}{1×2}+\frac{1}{2×3}+\frac{1}{3×4}+…+\frac{1}{9×10}.$
解:因为$\frac{1}{1×2}=1-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2×3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3×4}=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4},…,\frac{1}{9×10}=\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{10},$
所以原式$=(1-\frac{1}{2})+(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3})+(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4})+…+(\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{10})=1+(-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2})+(-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3})+…+(-\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9})-\frac{1}{10}=1-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{9}{10}.$
根据以上解题方法,解答下列问题:
(1) $\frac{1}{n(n+1)}=$
(2) 计算:$1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{12}-\frac{1}{20}-\frac{1}{30}-\frac{1}{42}.$
(3) 计算:$\frac{1}{2×4}+\frac{1}{4×6}+\frac{1}{6×8}+…+\frac{1}{2018×2020}.$
计算:$\frac{1}{1×2}+\frac{1}{2×3}+\frac{1}{3×4}+…+\frac{1}{9×10}.$
解:因为$\frac{1}{1×2}=1-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2×3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3×4}=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4},…,\frac{1}{9×10}=\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{10},$
所以原式$=(1-\frac{1}{2})+(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3})+(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4})+…+(\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{10})=1+(-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2})+(-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3})+…+(-\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9})-\frac{1}{10}=1-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{9}{10}.$
根据以上解题方法,解答下列问题:
(1) $\frac{1}{n(n+1)}=$
$\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}$
($n$为正整数).(2) 计算:$1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{12}-\frac{1}{20}-\frac{1}{30}-\frac{1}{42}.$
(3) 计算:$\frac{1}{2×4}+\frac{1}{4×6}+\frac{1}{6×8}+…+\frac{1}{2018×2020}.$
答案
(1) $\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}$。
(2) $1-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{20}-\dfrac{1}{30}-\dfrac{1}{42}=1-\dfrac{1}{1×2}-\dfrac{1}{2×3}-\dfrac{1}{3×4}-\dfrac{1}{4×5}-\dfrac{1}{5×6}-\dfrac{1}{6×7}=1-1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dots-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}=\dfrac{1}{7}$。
(3) $\dfrac{1}{2×4}+\dfrac{1}{4×6}+\dfrac{1}{6×8}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2018×2020}=\dfrac{1}{4}×(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{1009}-\dfrac{1}{1010})=\dfrac{1}{4}×(1-\dfrac{1}{1010})=\dfrac{1}{4}×\dfrac{1009}{1010}=\dfrac{1009}{4040}$。
(2) $1-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{20}-\dfrac{1}{30}-\dfrac{1}{42}=1-\dfrac{1}{1×2}-\dfrac{1}{2×3}-\dfrac{1}{3×4}-\dfrac{1}{4×5}-\dfrac{1}{5×6}-\dfrac{1}{6×7}=1-1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dots-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}=\dfrac{1}{7}$。
(3) $\dfrac{1}{2×4}+\dfrac{1}{4×6}+\dfrac{1}{6×8}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2018×2020}=\dfrac{1}{4}×(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{1009}-\dfrac{1}{1010})=\dfrac{1}{4}×(1-\dfrac{1}{1010})=\dfrac{1}{4}×\dfrac{1009}{1010}=\dfrac{1009}{4040}$。
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