四、根据中文意思完成句子。
1. 霍金被公认为是同时代最伟大的科学家之一。

2. 他因对科学的贡献以及他克服生命中巨大痛苦的方式而为人熟知。

3. 令人伤心的是，21岁生日后不久，他被诊断患有一种可怕的疾病。

4. 霍金的病情恶化了，然而他对生活有着一种使人惊奇的乐观态度。

5. 他的作品不仅改变了我们对于宇宙的观点，还给人们提供了一种思考宇宙的新方式。

1. Stephen Hawking is recognized as one of the greatest scientists of his time.
2. He is famous/known for his contributions to science as well as how he overcame great suffering in his life.
3. Sadly, he was diagnosed with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday.
4. Hawking's condition got worse, yet he had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life.
5. His work has not only changed our view of the universe, but also provided people with a new way of thinking about the universe.

【分析】本题为汉译英完成句子，需结合中文意思确定主语、时态，运用对应固定短语与句式。解题时先找准每句核心表达（如“被公认为”“因…为人熟知”“被诊断”“不仅…还…”等），再匹配对应的英语短语、语法结构，注意时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时）和被动语态的正确使用，确保句子符合英语表达习惯。
【解析】1. 主语为Stephen Hawking，“被公认为”用被动结构is recognized as，“同时代”译为of his time，“最伟大的科学家之一”为one of the greatest scientists，组合成对应句子；2. “因…为人熟知”用be known/famous for，“对科学的贡献”是contributions to science，“克服生命中巨大痛苦的方式”译为how引导的从句，用as well as连接并列成分；3. “令人伤心的是”译为副词Sadly放句首，“被诊断患…”用被动结构was diagnosed with，“不久后”是shortly after，结合时间状语“21岁生日”组合句子；4. “病情恶化”译为condition got worse，“然而”用yet，“使人惊奇的乐观态度”是surprisingly positive attitude towards life，调整时态为一般过去时；5. “不仅…还…”用not only…but also结构，时态用现在完成时，对应“宇宙的观点”“思考宇宙的新方式”等表达。
【答案】1. Stephen Hawking is recognized as one of the greatest scientists of his time.
2. He is famous/known for his contributions to science as well as how he overcame great suffering in his life.
3. Sadly, he was diagnosed with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday.
4. Hawking's condition got worse, yet he had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life.
5. His work has not only changed our view of the universe, but also provided people with a new way of thinking about the universe.
【知识点】汉译英、固定短语搭配、时态语态
【点评】本题考查汉译英的基础应用，涉及常用核心短语、固定句式及时态、被动语态的正确运用，属于英语基础题型，需学生掌握相关词汇与语法规则。
【难度系数】0.5

五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Once there was an old fisherman named Santiago. He lived alone by the sea, and the only companions he had were his boat and his fishing rod(鱼竿). Santiago had a dream—to catch a big fish called marlin(枪鱼). 1 Days went by, and Santiago faced many difficulties—strong winds, big waves, even hunger and thirst. But his goal kept shining no matter how much time had passed, and it never faded.
Finally, one day, his patience paid off. He felt a strong pull on his fishing line, and when he checked it, he found that he caught such a huge marlin! 2 Since Santiago was not as energetic as he used to be, he got very tired as the battle continued. 3 They fought and fought during the next three days. He knew that if he let it go, he would lose not just the fish but also his dream.
Unfortunately, on Santiago’s way back to the haven(安全的地方), some sharks smelled the fish’s blood and attacked it. Santiago tried his best to protect it, but the sharks were too strong and too many. 4 Even though he didn’t bring home a whole fish, Santiago was proud of himself. 5

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. C 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. F

【分析】本题为故事类句子还原题，需梳理故事的情节发展顺序（开端、发展、高潮、结局、感悟），结合每个空白处的上下文语境匹配对应句子。先明确各选项内容：A体现不放弃的态度；B强调面对挑战不放弃；C是出发找枪鱼的情节；D是到达海滩时鱼的状态；E是鱼被钓到后的反抗；F是经历后的感悟。再对应原文情节推进逻辑，逐一匹配空白处。
【解析】1. 原文第一段提到Santiago的梦想是抓枪鱼，接下来应是他出发实现梦想的动作，选项C“他驾着船独自去海洋寻找大枪鱼”符合语境，故1选C。
2. 原文提到他钓到了大枪鱼，接下来应是鱼的反应，选项E“鱼奋力反抗，拉着他的船走了很长距离”承接上文，故2选E。
3. 原文提到他因战斗而疲惫，接下来应体现他的态度，选项A“但Santiago拒绝放弃”承接上文的疲惫，体现他的坚持，故3选A。
4. 原文提到鲨鱼攻击鱼，接下来应是他到达海滩时的情况，选项D“当他到达海滩时，鱼几乎被鲨鱼吃光了”符合情节，故4选D。
5. 原文结尾提到他虽没带回整鱼但自豪，接下来应是经历后的感悟，选项F“这次经历教他真正的成功在于努力和勇气，不只是最终结果”是感悟，故5选F。
【答案】1.C 2.E 3.A 4.D 5.F
【知识点】英语阅读理解、句子还原、故事逻辑
【点评】本题通过故事脉络考查学生对语篇逻辑的理解，需理清情节顺序，难度适中，能有效检验学生的语篇分析能力。
【难度系数】0.6