一、根据括号内提示，将原句改写为指定句型，保持句意不变
1. He finished his homework. He went to bed. ( 改为并列句 )

2. She is a hard-working student. Everyone in the class likes her. ( 用 who 引导定语从句 )

3. We will have a picnic. The weather will be fine tomorrow. ( 用 if 引导条件状语从句 )

4. The little girl sang a song. Her mother played the piano for her. ( 改为简单句，用 with 结构 )

5. He didn’t pass the exam. He didn’t study hard enough. ( 用 because 引导原因状语从句 )

1. He finished his homework and he went to bed.
2. She is a hard-working student who everyone in the class likes.
3. We will have a picnic if the weather is fine tomorrow.
4. The little girl sang a song with her mother playing the piano for her.
5. He didn’t pass the exam because he didn’t study hard enough.

【分析】本题为英语句型转换题，需根据括号内指定要求改写句子，且保持句意不变。解题思路：1. 改写并列句：两个先后动作的简单句用并列连词and连接，时态保持一致；2. who引导定语从句：先行词是指人的名词，who在从句中作宾语，直接置于先行词后；3. if引导条件状语从句：遵循“主将从现”规则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；4. with结构的简单句：with后接宾语+现在分词（表主动）构成复合结构；5. because引导原因状语从句：将原因从句置于主句后，用because连接即可。
【解析】1. 两个简单句为先后发生的动作，用并列连词and连接构成并列句，故改写为He finished his homework and he went to bed.；2. 先行词为指人的名词短语a hard-working student，用who引导定语从句，who在从句中作likes的宾语，置于先行词后，故改写为She is a hard-working student who everyone in the class likes.；3. if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，故改写为We will have a picnic if the weather is fine tomorrow.；4. with复合结构中，her mother与play是主动关系，用现在分词playing作宾补，故改写为The little girl sang a song with her mother playing the piano for her.；5. because引导原因状语从句，原因从句置于主句后，故改写为He didn’t pass the exam because he didn’t study hard enough.
【答案】1. He finished his homework and he went to bed.2. She is a hard-working student who everyone in the class likes.3. We will have a picnic if the weather is fine tomorrow.4. The little girl sang a song with her mother playing the piano for her.5. He didn’t pass the exam because he didn’t study hard enough.
【知识点】并列句、定语从句、条件状语从句
【点评】本题为初中英语基础句型转换练习，涵盖核心语法知识点，考查学生对不同句型结构的运用能力，是巩固英语语法的典型题型。
【难度系数】0.7

二、根据汉语及括号里的提示翻译句子
1. 我喜欢阅读，我的妹妹喜欢画画。(and)

2. 当我到达学校时，上课铃已经响了。(when)

3. 我们去年参观过的那个农场现在变得很美丽。(that)

4. 我们昨天没去公园，因为下雨了。(because)

5. 她每天花半小时练习英语口语。(spend... doing...)

1. I like reading and my sister likes drawing.
2. When I arrived at school, the class bell had already rung.
3. The farm that we visited last year has become very beautiful now.
4. We didn’t go to the park yesterday because it rained.
5. She spends half an hour practicing oral English every day.

【分析】
本题为根据提示词翻译句子的基础题型，需结合英语句式结构、时态及提示词完成翻译：1. 用and连接两个并列简单句，注意主谓一致；2. 用when引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时（动作发生在从句之前）；3. 用that引导定语从句修饰先行词farm；4. 用because引导原因状语从句，结合过去时态；5. 运用spend...doing...固定结构，注意第三人称单数谓语形式。
【解析】
1. 前半句“我喜欢阅读”译为I like reading，后半句“我的妹妹喜欢画画”译为my sister likes drawing，用提示词and连接，得I like reading and my sister likes drawing。
2. “当我到达学校时”译为When I arrived at school，“上课铃已经响了”是过去的过去，用过去完成时had already rung，得When I arrived at school, the class bell had already rung。
3. 先行词the farm用that引导定语从句“我们去年参观过的”（that we visited last year），主句“现在变得很美丽”译为has become very beautiful now，得The farm that we visited last year has become very beautiful now。
4. “我们昨天没去公园”译为We didn’t go to the park yesterday，“因为下雨了”译为because it rained，用提示词because连接，得We didn’t go to the park yesterday because it rained。
5. 运用spend...doing...结构，主语she为第三人称单数，谓语用spends，“半小时”是half an hour，“练习英语口语”是practicing oral English，“每天”是every day，得She spends half an hour practicing oral English every day。
【答案】
1. I like reading and my sister likes drawing.
2. When I arrived at school, the class bell had already rung.
3. The farm that we visited last year has become very beautiful now.
4. We didn’t go to the park yesterday because it rained.
5. She spends half an hour practicing oral English every day.
【知识点】
并列句、定语从句、状语从句
【点评】
本题考察初中英语核心基础句式（并列句、定语从句、状语从句）及固定结构，需注意时态、主谓一致和从句语序，是巩固英语基础的典型题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、[2026 广东深圳期末改编]短文填空：阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空
fifteen set therefore whether activity understand that lantern
1. you like it or not, death is a part of life. 2. death can help us cherish (珍爱) our time and live our best lives. The Zhongyuan Festival in China celebrates this topic.
The Zhongyuan Festival is an important festival in China to remember the dead, which falls on the 3. day of the seventh lunar month. Rooted in ancient folk beliefs and Taoist traditions, it carries a rich cultural heritage that has been passed down for centuries. Since ancient times, the Chinese have believed 4. the gates of hell (地狱) open on that day, so people hold all kinds of 5. to honor the ghosts expressing their longing and respect for deceased relatives and ancestors. 6. , the festival is also called the Ghost Festival. Among the different folk customs of the Zhongyuan Festival, the floating (漂浮的) water 7. are the most important. On the night of the festival, colorful lanterns 8. into rivers or lakes. People believe this can help dead people find their way home, guiding wandering spirits back to the warmth of their loved ones’ memories.
The Zhongyuan Festival not only lets us remember the dead with respect but also teaches us to value every moment in life.

1. Whether 2. Understanding 3. fifteenth 4. that
5. activities 6. Therefore 7. lanterns 8. are set

【分析】
本题为短文填空，需结合句子语境、语法规则及词汇变形要求，从给定词汇中选择合适的词并调整形式。解题思路：1. 第1空根据固定搭配whether...or not确定；2. 第2空动词作主语需用动名词形式；3. 第3空表示日期需用序数词；4. 第4空宾语从句用that引导；5. 第5空all kinds of后接名词复数；6. 第6空根据逻辑关系选副词therefore；7. 第7空结合下文lanterns确定；8. 第8空根据被动语态结构确定形式。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配whether...or not意为“无论是否”，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whether。
2. 此处动词作主语，需用动名词形式，understand的动名词为Understanding，故填Understanding。
3. 表示“七月的第十五天”，需用序数词，fifteen的序数词是fifteenth，故填fifteenth。
4. believe后接陈述性宾语从句，引导词用that，故填that。
5. all kinds of后接可数名词复数，activity的复数为activities，故填activities。
6. 此处表因果逻辑，需用副词therefore（因此），句首首字母大写，故填Therefore。
7. 结合下文“colorful lanterns”可知，此处指“水灯”，lantern的复数为lanterns，故填lanterns。
8. lanterns与set之间是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态are set，故填are set。
【答案】
1. Whether 2. Understanding 3. fifteenth 4. that 5. activities 6. Therefore 7. lanterns 8. are set
【知识点】
固定搭配、动名词作主语、序数词、宾语从句、名词复数、副词用法、被动语态
【点评】
本题考查词汇在语境中的正确运用，涉及多种语法变形，需结合句子结构和逻辑关系分析，难度适中，适合学生巩固基础语法和词汇变形知识。
【难度系数】
0.6