语法讲练—限定性定语从句
本单元聚焦限定性定语从句(无逗号分隔,去掉后会影响句子意思的完整性),核心关系代词为:that,which 和 who。
核心规则总结
(一)关系词的选择
先行词是人→用 who 或 that
先行词是物→用 which 或 that
【注意】关系词在从句中作宾语时,可省略;作主语时,绝对不能省略。
(二)主谓一致
定语从句的谓语动词,要和先行词的单复数保持一致。例句1:I love music that tells a story.
例句2:I like musicians who are creative.
(三)定语从句关系代词只能用 that,不能用 which/who 的8种情况:1.先行词是不定代词如 all, everything, anything, little, much等;2.先行词被最高级/序数词修饰;3.先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰;4.先行词既有人又有物;5.主句以 who/which 开头的特殊疑问句;6.先行词是名词,被 all, any, every, no, some 等不定限定词修饰;7.先行词在从句中作表语;8.先行词为 way/time 表方式/次数(固定用法,that 可省,不能用 which)
【强化训练】用适当的关系代词填空(可省略时标注可省)
1. I love the songs tell stories about our hometown.
2. The girl is playing chess is my deskmate.
3. This is the best movie I have ever seen.
4. The book my father bought for me is about space exploration.

1. that/which
2. who/that
3. that
4. that/which(可省略)

【分析】做这类定语从句填空需遵循三步法：①确定先行词（被定语从句修饰的名词/代词）；②判断先行词的属性（指人/指物）；③分析关系词在从句中充当的成分（主语/宾语），同时注意特殊规则（如先行词被最高级修饰时只能用that、关系词作宾语可省略等）。逐题思路：第1题先行词是songs（物），关系词在从句中作主语；第2题先行词是girl（人），关系词在从句中作主语；第3题先行词是movie（物），被最高级best修饰；第4题先行词是book（物），关系词在从句中作bought的宾语。
【解析】1. 先行词songs指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which；2. 先行词girl指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/that；3. 先行词被最高级best修饰，根据限定性定语从句规则，先行词被最高级修饰时关系代词只能用that，故填that；4. 先行词book指物，关系词在从句中作bought的宾语，故填that/which，且关系词作宾语时可省略，标注为可省略。
【答案】1. that/which；2. who/that；3. that；4. that/which(可省略)
【知识点】限定性定语从句关系代词选择、关系词省略规则
【点评】本题聚焦限定性定语从句核心关系词的基础用法，涵盖先行词判断、关系词成分分析及特殊规则应用，是巩固定语从句知识的典型基础练题，需熟练掌握核心规则。
【难度系数】0.3

回归教材
阅读填空(教材 P66 课文改编)
When Robert Schumann first heard
Chopin's work, he said, "Hats off, gentlemen! A genius!"
During Frédéric Chopin's short lifetime, he was celebrated as one of the world's greatest 1. (piano)—even though he only gave around 30 concerts! He was also a gifted composer 2. left behind more than 200 musical works.
Chopin was born in a village in Poland. He didn't attend music school 3. he was 16, but he soon outdid his teachers. His parents sent him to Vienna in 1829 4. (widen) his musical experience. By 1832, he 5. (make) his way to Paris, the city that he would call home for the rest of his life.
Chopin was not only a great pianist, but also a respected piano teacher. He often told his students, "Put all your soul into it! Play the way you feel!" This is advice that 6. (follow) by musicians today.
Polish folk music was a kind of music that some people looked down on at the time. But it became an important characteristic in Chopin's music. His use of Polish folk music caused people to see it as a 7. (value) art form.
Chopin's music also helped build a nation which 8. (divide) up by other countries. His music encouraged his people and helped them keep going 9. years of difficulty. Today, the Polish people 10. (proud) think of Poland as the country of Chopin.
Today, people around the world still listen to his moving and often sad music.

1. pianists
2. who/that
3. until
4. to widen
5. had made
6. is followed
7. valuable
8. was divided
9. through
10. proudly

【分析】本题为教材改编的阅读填空题，需结合语篇语境、语法规则及固定搭配逐一解题：1. 第1空考查“one of + 可数名词复数”结构，结合语境指“钢琴家”，需用复数形式；2. 第2空考查定语从句，先行词为指人的名词，关系词在从句中作主语，需用who/that；3. 第3空考查固定搭配“not...until...”，表“直到……才……”；4. 第4空考查不定式作目的状语，表动作的目的；5. 第5空考查过去完成时，标志词为“by + 过去时间点”；6. 第6空考查一般现在时的被动语态，主语为动作的承受者；7. 第7空考查形容词修饰名词；8. 第8空考查一般过去时的被动语态，主语为动作的承受者；9. 第9空考查介词，表“度过（一段时间）”；10. 第10空考查副词修饰动词。
【解析】1. 考查名词复数：“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”为固定结构，此处指“钢琴家”，故填pianists；2. 考查定语从句：先行词是指人的composer，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who/that；3. 考查固定搭配：“not...until...”表示“直到……才……”，符合语境，故填until；4. 考查非谓语动词：此处用不定式作目的状语，表“为了拓宽音乐经验”，故填to widen；5. 考查时态：“by + 过去的时间点（1832）”是过去完成时的标志，结构为“had + 过去分词”，故填had made；6. 考查被动语态：advice与follow是被动关系，且时间为today，故用一般现在时的被动语态is followed；7. 考查形容词：此处修饰名词短语art form，需用形容词，故填valuable；8. 考查时态和语态：which指代nation，与divide是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态was divided；9. 考查介词：through表示“度过（一段时间）”，符合语境，故填through；10. 考查副词：此处修饰动词think，需用副词，故填proudly。
【答案】1. pianists
2. who/that
3. until
4. to widen
5. had made
6. is followed
7. valuable
8. was divided
9. through
10. proudly
【知识点】名词的数、定语从句、动词的时态与语态
【点评】本题为教材改编的基础阅读填空题，聚焦英语核心语法点及固定搭配，结合语篇语境考查学生的语言运用能力，难度适中，是常见的学业水平测试题型。
【难度系数】0.6