七、任务型阅读。
The UN has announced 2025 as the International Year of Glaciers' Preservation. It has also set March 21, 2025 as the first World Day for Glaciers. 1.
Glaciers are made of ice and snow that slowly move over land. Over time, layers of snow build up and turn into glacier ice.
Glaciers have shaped mountains over Earth's history. 2. But glaciers don't just affect the land.
When glaciers melt, they provide nutrients for lakes, rivers and oceans. 3. As glaciers melt, they also create homes for plants and animals along streams.
4. About 10 percent of the world's land is covered by glaciers, storing about 70 percent of Earth's fresh water. In places like the Himalayas, Karakoram and Hindu Kush mountains, millions of people depend on glaciers for water.
5. Many glaciers have disappeared. For example, Colombia has lost about 90 percent of its glaciers since the mid - 19th century. If temperatures rise by 1.5 to 4℃, glaciers could lose much of them by 2100.
If snow and ice in mountain areas continue to disappear, there will be less water for drinking and farming and more pressure on local ecosystems. Floods will also be more dangerous because of growing glacial lakes.
根据短文内容，从方框中选出适当的选项补全短文，有一项是多余的。
A. They are still moving and changing landscapes in many places today.
B. The goal is to encourage everyone to help protect glaciers, which are important for life in the future.
C. In some areas, glaciers are important water sources for people and wildlife.
D. These nutrients help create the base of the food chain in oceans and rivers.
E. Most of the world's glaciers are in the polar regions(极区).
F. However, climate change is causing serious problems to glaciers.

七、1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. F

【分析】
这是一篇六选五的语篇补全任务型阅读，解题时首先要通读全文梳理行文逻辑：本文先引出联合国设立2025国际冰川保护年、首个世界冰川日的背景，随后依次介绍冰川的定义、冰川对地貌和生态的作用、冰川作为水源的价值，最后点明当前冰川面临的融化危机。接下来逐空结合前后文的衔接线索匹配选项：
1. 第一空前刚介绍完联合国的两项相关举措，接下来自然要说明设立这些举措的目的，匹配对应选项；
2. 第二空前句提到冰川在地球历史进程中塑造山脉，后句转折说明冰川的作用不止影响陆地，中间需要承接冰川对地貌的塑造作用的延续表述；
3. 第三空前句明确提到冰川融化会为河湖海洋提供养分，选项中出现指代“这些养分”的内容可以直接形成逻辑衔接；
4. 第四空后整段都在介绍冰川储存淡水资源、为数百万人口提供用水的内容，需要一个总领该段水源相关主题的句子；
5. 第五空后全部内容都在描述冰川大量消失、面临融化危机的现状，需要一个引出危机的转折过渡句。
最后验证剩余的多余选项不符合任何段落逻辑，即可确定答案。
【解析】
1. 空前介绍联合国宣布2025为国际冰川保护年、设立首个世界冰川日，B选项“设立的目标是鼓励所有人助力保护对未来生命至关重要的冰川”正好承接前文的举措，说明设立的目的，逻辑通顺，选B。
2. 空前句说明冰川在地球历史上塑造了山脉，A选项“如今它们仍在很多地方移动、改变地貌”承接前文冰川塑造地貌的属性，同时对应后文“冰川不只是影响陆地”的表述，衔接自然，选A。
3. 空前句提到冰川融化会为湖泊、河流、海洋提供养分，D选项“这些养分帮助构建了海洋和河流的食物链基础”中的These nutrients直接指代前句提到的养分，形成顺承逻辑，选D。
4. 空后内容介绍冰川覆盖全球10%的陆地，储存70%的淡水，数百万人依赖冰川获取水源，C选项“在部分区域，冰川是人类和野生动物的重要水源”总领本段的水源相关主题，契合后文内容，选C。
5. 空后列举了大量冰川消失的实例，说明冰川面临的严峻危机，F选项“然而，气候变化正给冰川带来严重问题”用转折逻辑引出后文的危机现状，过渡合理，选F。
多余选项E“世界上大部分冰川位于极区”在全文没有对应的相关内容，属于多余项。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. F
【知识点】
任务型阅读 语篇逻辑衔接 指代关系判断
【点评】
本题以冰川保护为主题，贴合当下环保热点，重点考查学生对说明文语篇顺承、总分、转折等逻辑关系的判断能力，解题时可以通过复现关键词（比如nutrients、water）快速锁定衔接选项，降低解题难度，整体区分度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7