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三、阅读理解
A
A rich man was once riding along the road and saw an old man digging in his garden. There was a tree on the ground, ready to be planted. The rich man shouted to the old man, "What kind of tree are you planting there, my good man?"
"This is a fig tree, sir," he said.
"A fig tree?" the rich man was very surprised. "Why? How old are you, may I ask?"
"I am ninety years old."
"What! You are ninety years old. You are planting a very young tree now and it will take years to give fruit. You surely don't hope to live long enough to get the fruit from the tree." The old man looked around the garden. Then he said with a smile, "Tell me, sir, did you eat figs when you were a boy?" "Sure." The man did not know why he asked this question. "Then can you tell me who planted the fig trees?" "Why? I don't know." "You see, sir, our forefathers planted the trees for us to enjoy, and I am doing the same thing for the young people after me."
The rich man was quiet and said, "You are right, my good man. We should do some things for the people after us. Thank you very much." Then he rode away.
（
A. He asked just for fun.
B. To know the real age of the old man.
C. To help the old man plant the tree.
D. To tell the old man he was too old to get the fruit.
（
A. The old man was ninety years old.
B. The rich man ate figs when he was young.
C. At first, the rich man knew why the old man was planting the tree.
D. The rich man felt sorry for the old man at last.
（
A. For himself.
B. For people younger than him.
C. For the rich man.
D. For forefathers.
（
A. the old man was good at planting trees
B. when drinking water we should not forget those people who dug the well
C. the rich man was selfish
D. we should not eat the figs we plant
（
A. It takes a long time for the fig tree to give fruit.
B. The figs are sweet.
C. The rich man ate the figs planted by the old man at last.
D. The old man planted the fig tree to eat the fig fruit.
A
A rich man was once riding along the road and saw an old man digging in his garden. There was a tree on the ground, ready to be planted. The rich man shouted to the old man, "What kind of tree are you planting there, my good man?"
"This is a fig tree, sir," he said.
"A fig tree?" the rich man was very surprised. "Why? How old are you, may I ask?"
"I am ninety years old."
"What! You are ninety years old. You are planting a very young tree now and it will take years to give fruit. You surely don't hope to live long enough to get the fruit from the tree." The old man looked around the garden. Then he said with a smile, "Tell me, sir, did you eat figs when you were a boy?" "Sure." The man did not know why he asked this question. "Then can you tell me who planted the fig trees?" "Why? I don't know." "You see, sir, our forefathers planted the trees for us to enjoy, and I am doing the same thing for the young people after me."
The rich man was quiet and said, "You are right, my good man. We should do some things for the people after us. Thank you very much." Then he rode away.
（
D
）1. Why did the rich man ask the age of the old man?A. He asked just for fun.
B. To know the real age of the old man.
C. To help the old man plant the tree.
D. To tell the old man he was too old to get the fruit.
（
C
）2. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?A. The old man was ninety years old.
B. The rich man ate figs when he was young.
C. At first, the rich man knew why the old man was planting the tree.
D. The rich man felt sorry for the old man at last.
（
B
）3. Who was the old man planting the tree for?A. For himself.
B. For people younger than him.
C. For the rich man.
D. For forefathers.
（
B
）4. The writer tells us the story to show .A. the old man was good at planting trees
B. when drinking water we should not forget those people who dug the well
C. the rich man was selfish
D. we should not eat the figs we plant
（
A
）5. What do we know according to the story?A. It takes a long time for the fig tree to give fruit.
B. The figs are sweet.
C. The rich man ate the figs planted by the old man at last.
D. The old man planted the fig tree to eat the fig fruit.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A
解析
【分析】
这是一篇哲理故事类阅读理解，解题时首先通读全文理清故事脉络：90岁的老人种植无花果树，不是为了自己等到结果，而是效仿先辈为后辈造福。之后针对每道题的题干要求，回到原文定位对应语句，逐一比对选项排除错误项：细节题直接找原文对应表述验证正误，主旨题结合故事传递的核心道理选出最贴合的选项即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文富人得知老人年龄后的表述："You are planting a very young tree now and it will take years to give fruit. You surely don't hope to live long enough to get the fruit from the tree."，可见富人询问老人年龄，本质是想告知老人年纪太大，等不到这棵树结果收获果实，排除A（只是为了好玩）、B（只想知道真实年龄）、C（帮老人种树）三个无依据选项，选D。
2. 本题要求选出表述不正确的选项：A选项原文明确提到老人90岁，表述正确；B选项富人明确回答自己小时候吃过无花果，表述正确；C选项一开始富人对90岁老人种无花果树的行为非常惊讶，完全不理解老人的初衷，因此“一开始富人知道老人种树的原因”表述错误，符合题干"NOT true"的要求；D选项最后富人认可了老人的观点，意识到自己之前的想法不妥，是抱有愧意的，表述正确。本题选C。
3. 定位老人的原话："our forefathers planted the trees for us to enjoy, and I am doing the same thing for the young people after me."，可知老人种树是为了自己身后的年轻人，也就是比他年纪小的后辈，选B。
4. 整个故事传递的核心是先辈为后辈付出，我们既要享受前人的成果，也要为后人谋福利，对应B选项“吃水不忘挖井人”的寓意，其余选项都不符合故事主旨，选B。
5. 细节判断：A选项原文明确提到无花果树需要很多年才能结果，表述正确；B选项文中从未提及无花果的口感，无中生有；C选项没有任何内容提到富人最后吃到了老人种的无花果，表述错误；D选项老人明确说明种树不是为了自己吃果实，表述错误。本题选A。
【答案】
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨提炼，哲理故事文本理解
【点评】
本篇属于难度适中的故事类阅读，大部分题目都可以通过回文定位直接找到答案，仅主旨题需要学生结合故事内核理解“前人栽树后人乘凉、饮水思源”的寓意，同时考察了学生的信息筛选能力和文本深层含义的理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇哲理故事类阅读理解，解题时首先通读全文理清故事脉络：90岁的老人种植无花果树，不是为了自己等到结果，而是效仿先辈为后辈造福。之后针对每道题的题干要求，回到原文定位对应语句，逐一比对选项排除错误项：细节题直接找原文对应表述验证正误，主旨题结合故事传递的核心道理选出最贴合的选项即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文富人得知老人年龄后的表述："You are planting a very young tree now and it will take years to give fruit. You surely don't hope to live long enough to get the fruit from the tree."，可见富人询问老人年龄，本质是想告知老人年纪太大，等不到这棵树结果收获果实，排除A（只是为了好玩）、B（只想知道真实年龄）、C（帮老人种树）三个无依据选项，选D。
2. 本题要求选出表述不正确的选项：A选项原文明确提到老人90岁，表述正确；B选项富人明确回答自己小时候吃过无花果，表述正确；C选项一开始富人对90岁老人种无花果树的行为非常惊讶，完全不理解老人的初衷，因此“一开始富人知道老人种树的原因”表述错误，符合题干"NOT true"的要求；D选项最后富人认可了老人的观点，意识到自己之前的想法不妥，是抱有愧意的，表述正确。本题选C。
3. 定位老人的原话："our forefathers planted the trees for us to enjoy, and I am doing the same thing for the young people after me."，可知老人种树是为了自己身后的年轻人，也就是比他年纪小的后辈，选B。
4. 整个故事传递的核心是先辈为后辈付出，我们既要享受前人的成果，也要为后人谋福利，对应B选项“吃水不忘挖井人”的寓意，其余选项都不符合故事主旨，选B。
5. 细节判断：A选项原文明确提到无花果树需要很多年才能结果，表述正确；B选项文中从未提及无花果的口感，无中生有；C选项没有任何内容提到富人最后吃到了老人种的无花果，表述错误；D选项老人明确说明种树不是为了自己吃果实，表述错误。本题选A。
【答案】
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨提炼，哲理故事文本理解
【点评】
本篇属于难度适中的故事类阅读，大部分题目都可以通过回文定位直接找到答案，仅主旨题需要学生结合故事内核理解“前人栽树后人乘凉、饮水思源”的寓意，同时考察了学生的信息筛选能力和文本深层含义的理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
