三、语篇填空
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
Inventions play an important role in shaping our world. Among 1. (they), some are quite useful, while others have less positive influence. People 2. (invent) the movable type between 1041 and 1048. It was a groundbreaking（开创性的）3. (create). It made books easier to get and allowed ideas to spread far and wide. This was much 4. (good) than copying texts by hand.
On 5. other hand, the invention of plastic bags is considered one of the worst. They are bad for the environment 6. they take a long time to break down and pollute our oceans and lands. They are far 7. (bad) than paper bags.
When we compare some inventions, we might say that the computer is as 8. (important) as the movable type. Both have changed how we share and get information. 9. , some people may think the computer is much more powerful. It makes our lives 10. (easy) and more connected than ever before.

1. them 2. invented 3. creation 4. better 5. the 6. because 7. worse 8. important 9. However 10. easier

【分析】
本题为英语语篇填空题，需结合词性、时态、固定搭配、比较级规则等基础语法知识解题：
1. 第1空：介词后接人称代词宾格；
2. 第2空：根据过去时间状语确定动词时态；
3. 第3空：形容词后需接名词，需转换词性；
4. 第4空：句中than提示用形容词比较级；
5. 第5空：考查固定搭配；
6. 第6空：分析前后句逻辑关系确定连词；
7. 第7空：than提示用形容词比较级；
8. 第8空：as...as结构中用形容词原级；
9. 第9空：分析前后句转折关系确定副词；
10. 第10空：than提示用形容词比较级。
【解析】
1. 介词among后接人称代词宾格，they的宾格为them，故填them；
2. 时间状语“between 1041 and 1048”表过去，谓语动词用一般过去时，invent的过去式为invented，故填invented；
3. 形容词groundbreaking后需接名词，create的名词形式为creation，故填creation；
4. 由句中than可知，此处用形容词比较级，good的比较级是better，故填better；
5. 固定搭配on the other hand意为“另一方面”，需填定冠词the，故填the；
6. 前句“它们对环境有害”和后句“它们分解时间长，污染海洋和陆地”为因果关系，后句表原因，故填because；
7. 由than可知，此处用形容词比较级，bad的比较级是worse，故填worse；
8. as...as结构意为“和……一样”，中间用形容词原级，故填important；
9. 前后句为转折关系，且有逗号隔开，需用副词However（然而），故填However；
10. 由than可知，此处用形容词比较级，easy的比较级是easier，故填easier。
【答案】
1. them 2. invented 3. creation 4. better 5. the 6. because 7. worse 8. important 9. However 10. easier
【知识点】
介词用法、动词时态、形容词比较级、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为英语语篇基础填空题，主要考查学生对人称代词、一般过去时、词性转换、形容词比较级及固定搭配等基础语法和词汇知识的掌握，难度适中，适合中等水平学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、阅读还原
阅读短文，从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。
44 英语 同步练习·目标与测试(八年级 上册)
Movable type is a great invention that changed the way people shared information. 1. Each block had a whole page of text carved (雕刻) on it. If you wanted to print a different page, you needed a new block. This was slow and expensive.
In the 11th century, a Chinese man named Bi Sheng invented movable type. He used clay to make small pieces for each character. People could move these pieces to form different pages. This made printing much faster and cheaper. Later, in the 15th century, a German named Johannes Gutenberg improved movable type. He used metal pieces instead of clay. 2.
Movable type had a huge influence on the world. It made printing books and spreading knowledge more quickly. 3. In Europe, Gutenberg’s printing press helped start the Renaissance and the Reformation. These were important periods of change in history.
4. Thanks to it, ordinary people could get books. This helped improve education and culture. Even today, movable type is still important. It shows us how small inventions can lead to big changes in the world.
A. We all use movable type every day.
B. More people could read and learn new ideas.
C. His invention made printing even more efficient (效率高的).
D. In China, movable type also helped spread knowledge.
E. Before movable type, people used wooden blocks to print.

1. E 2. C 3. B 4. D

【分析】做阅读还原题时，需先通读全文把握语篇主旨，再结合每个空白处的前后句内容，分析句子间的逻辑关系（如顺承、举例、因果等），匹配对应选项。本题围绕活字印刷的发展及影响展开，需根据上下文的时间、地域、内容衔接来选答案。
【解析】1. 空1后提到“Each block had a whole page of text carved on it”，说明此处需介绍活字印刷之前的印刷方式，选项E“Before movable type, people used wooden blocks to print.”符合语境，故1选E。2. 空2前说明Johannes Gutenberg改进了活字印刷，用金属代替黏土，选项C“His invention made printing even more efficient.”承接上文的改进，说明改进后的效果，故2选C。3. 空3前提到活字印刷让印书和传播知识更快，空3后举欧洲的例子说明其影响，选项B“More people could read and learn new ideas.”是传播知识带来的结果，承上启下，故3选B。4. 空4后提到普通人能得到书，结合前文分述不同地区影响的逻辑，选项D“In China, movable type also helped spread knowledge.”对应中国的影响，故4选D。
【答案】1.E 2.C 3.B 4.D
【知识点】阅读还原、语篇逻辑衔接
【点评】本题为八年级英语阅读还原题，围绕活字印刷的发展与影响展开，重点考查学生对语篇上下文逻辑关系的理解与运用，难度适中，需结合语境梳理句子间的衔接关系即可正确作答。
【难度系数】0.6