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一、词汇运用。
根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. People like Venus a lot because of its
2. All of us felt deeply sad at the
3. The Sahara is one of the
4. In fall, the air in South China is much
5. Now many children are interested in the
根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. People like Venus a lot because of its
brightness
and beauty. (bright)2. All of us felt deeply sad at the
death
of the greatest scientist Yuan Longping. (die)3. The Sahara is one of the
driest
places in the world. (dry)4. In fall, the air in South China is much
wetter
than that in North China. (wet)5. Now many children are interested in the
exploration
of the universe. (explore)答案
1. brightness 2. death 3. driest 4. wetter 5. exploration
解析
【分析】本题考查词汇的适当形式填空，需根据句子结构和语法规则确定所填词的词性，再结合词形变化规则变形：1. 空格前是形容词性物主代词its，需用名词；2. 定冠词the后需接名词；3. one of结构后接形容词最高级；4. 句中than是比较级标志，需用形容词比较级；5. 定冠词the后需接名词。
【解析】1. 由its可知，此处需用名词，bright的名词形式为brightness，故填brightness；2. 由the可知，此处需用名词，die的名词形式为death，故填death；3. “one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是固定结构，dry的最高级为driest，故填driest；4. 由than可知，此处需用形容词比较级，wet的比较级为wetter，故填wetter；5. 由the可知，此处需用名词，explore的名词形式为exploration，故填exploration。
【答案】1. brightness 2. death 3. driest 4. wetter 5. exploration
【知识点】名词转换、形容词比较级、形容词最高级
【点评】本题为初中英语基础词汇变形题，主要考察词性转换和形容词级的用法，是英语学习的核心基础考点，难度不大，需熟练掌握常见词的变形规则。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】1. 由its可知，此处需用名词，bright的名词形式为brightness，故填brightness；2. 由the可知，此处需用名词，die的名词形式为death，故填death；3. “one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是固定结构，dry的最高级为driest，故填driest；4. 由than可知，此处需用形容词比较级，wet的比较级为wetter，故填wetter；5. 由the可知，此处需用名词，explore的名词形式为exploration，故填exploration。
【答案】1. brightness 2. death 3. driest 4. wetter 5. exploration
【知识点】名词转换、形容词比较级、形容词最高级
【点评】本题为初中英语基础词汇变形题，主要考察词性转换和形容词级的用法，是英语学习的核心基础考点，难度不大，需熟练掌握常见词的变形规则。
【难度系数】0.7
二、阅读理解。
根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Man first landed on the Moon in 1969. But do you know that human is not the first one to travel to the Moon? Before sending humans to the Moon, many countries tried to send different animals into outer space first.
On September 14th, 1968, the Soviet Space Programme sent two tortoises(乌龟) into space for a trip on the Moon. After a week-long trip, the tortoises landed in the Indian Ocean. They traveled back to Moscow on October 7th.
Both the tortoises survived the trip. They lost about 10% of their body weight, but they were still healthy. They were dissected(解剖) on October 11th,1968. Scientists wanted to find out how their bodies changed after the space travel. They found that eating no food made the tortoises lose weight, but not the space travel.
It proved that some animals could live after traveling around the Moon. But this did not mean that all animals could do the same. The two tortoises were the first to travel around the Moon successfully.
Before 1968, people also sent other animals into the universe. However, some of them were unlucky. For example, on June 14th, 1949, the United States sent a monkey into space. It died during its flight. On November 3rd, 1957, Laika became the first dog to travel into space. But that was also a bad ending. It couldn't live to travel back to Earth.
(
A. No food. B. Little water. C. Little sleep. D. Little air.
(
A. The monkey. B. The dog. C. The tortoise. D. The cat.
(
a. Two tortoises flew into space.
b. People first got to the Moon.
c. Scientists dissected the two tortoises.
d. The two tortoises got back to Earth.
e. The United States sent a monkey into space.
f. Laika traveled to space.
A. d→f→b→c→a→e B. a→f→d→b→c→e
C. c→d→e→b→f→a D. e→f→a→d→c→b
(
A. To talk about the first dog to go to space.
B. To tell how people sent other animals to space.
C. To give more examples of animals' space flight.
D. To show why the two tortoises' trip was successful.
(
A. In a science book. B. In a local newspaper.
C. In a city guidebook. D. In a storybook.
根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Man first landed on the Moon in 1969. But do you know that human is not the first one to travel to the Moon? Before sending humans to the Moon, many countries tried to send different animals into outer space first.
On September 14th, 1968, the Soviet Space Programme sent two tortoises(乌龟) into space for a trip on the Moon. After a week-long trip, the tortoises landed in the Indian Ocean. They traveled back to Moscow on October 7th.
Both the tortoises survived the trip. They lost about 10% of their body weight, but they were still healthy. They were dissected(解剖) on October 11th,1968. Scientists wanted to find out how their bodies changed after the space travel. They found that eating no food made the tortoises lose weight, but not the space travel.
It proved that some animals could live after traveling around the Moon. But this did not mean that all animals could do the same. The two tortoises were the first to travel around the Moon successfully.
Before 1968, people also sent other animals into the universe. However, some of them were unlucky. For example, on June 14th, 1949, the United States sent a monkey into space. It died during its flight. On November 3rd, 1957, Laika became the first dog to travel into space. But that was also a bad ending. It couldn't live to travel back to Earth.
(
A
)1. What made the two tortoises lose weight?A. No food. B. Little water. C. Little sleep. D. Little air.
(
B
)2. What does the underlined word "It" refer to in the last paragraph?A. The monkey. B. The dog. C. The tortoise. D. The cat.
(
D
)3. Which shows the correct time order of the following events?a. Two tortoises flew into space.
b. People first got to the Moon.
c. Scientists dissected the two tortoises.
d. The two tortoises got back to Earth.
e. The United States sent a monkey into space.
f. Laika traveled to space.
A. d→f→b→c→a→e B. a→f→d→b→c→e
C. c→d→e→b→f→a D. e→f→a→d→c→b
(
C
)4. What is the writer's purpose in writing the last paragraph?A. To talk about the first dog to go to space.
B. To tell how people sent other animals to space.
C. To give more examples of animals' space flight.
D. To show why the two tortoises' trip was successful.
(
A
)5. Where can we probably read the text?A. In a science book. B. In a local newspaper.
C. In a city guidebook. D. In a storybook.
答案
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A
解析
【分析】
做本题需先通读短文，再结合各题题型定位原文细节：1题是细节理解题，找乌龟减重的原因；2题是词义猜测题，结合上下文找指代对象；3题是时间排序题，梳理各事件的时间先后；4题是主旨大意题，分析最后一段的写作意图；5题是出处判断题，根据文章主题判断来源。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第三段最后一句“Scientists found that eating no food made the tortoises lose weight, but not the space travel.”可知，乌龟减重是因为没有食物，选A。
2. 词义猜测题：最后一段提到“Laika became the first dog to travel into space. But that was also a bad ending. It couldn't live to travel back to Earth.”，此处It指代前文的Laika（那只狗），选B。
3. 时间排序题：梳理各事件时间：e（1949年美国送猴子）→f（1957年Laika进入太空）→a（1968年9月乌龟进入太空）→d（1968年10月7日乌龟返回莫斯科）→c（1968年10月11日解剖乌龟）→b（1969年人类首次登月），对应顺序为e→f→a→d→c→b，选D。
4. 主旨大意题：最后一段举了猴子、Laika的太空飞行失败案例，目的是补充更多动物太空飞行的例子，说明并非所有动物都能成功，选C。
5. 出处判断题：文章围绕太空探索中的动物实验展开，属于科学类内容，最可能出自科学书，选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题
【点评】
本文介绍了人类登月前的动物太空实验事例，考查学生对原文细节的定位、梳理及主旨理解能力，题型贴合初中英语阅读理解常见考点，需学生仔细查找原文对应信息。
【难度系数】
0.6
做本题需先通读短文，再结合各题题型定位原文细节：1题是细节理解题，找乌龟减重的原因；2题是词义猜测题，结合上下文找指代对象；3题是时间排序题，梳理各事件的时间先后；4题是主旨大意题，分析最后一段的写作意图；5题是出处判断题，根据文章主题判断来源。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第三段最后一句“Scientists found that eating no food made the tortoises lose weight, but not the space travel.”可知，乌龟减重是因为没有食物，选A。
2. 词义猜测题：最后一段提到“Laika became the first dog to travel into space. But that was also a bad ending. It couldn't live to travel back to Earth.”，此处It指代前文的Laika（那只狗），选B。
3. 时间排序题：梳理各事件时间：e（1949年美国送猴子）→f（1957年Laika进入太空）→a（1968年9月乌龟进入太空）→d（1968年10月7日乌龟返回莫斯科）→c（1968年10月11日解剖乌龟）→b（1969年人类首次登月），对应顺序为e→f→a→d→c→b，选D。
4. 主旨大意题：最后一段举了猴子、Laika的太空飞行失败案例，目的是补充更多动物太空飞行的例子，说明并非所有动物都能成功，选C。
5. 出处判断题：文章围绕太空探索中的动物实验展开，属于科学类内容，最可能出自科学书，选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题
【点评】
本文介绍了人类登月前的动物太空实验事例，考查学生对原文细节的定位、梳理及主旨理解能力，题型贴合初中英语阅读理解常见考点，需学生仔细查找原文对应信息。
【难度系数】
0.6
