一、根据首字母提示或汉语提示完成单词拼写
1. Volunteers watch the （企鹅）and learn how climate change harms their homes.
2. It's usual in early April when the temperature begins to rise and r ______ increases.
3. Because of the （气候）change, growing more food is becoming even more difficult.
4. In southern China, t seldom falls below 0℃.
5. (2025·无锡江阴澄要片期中)With the fans' （支持）, he won the first prize in the singing competition.

1. penguins 2. rainfall 3. climate 4. temperature 5. support

【分析】本题是根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词的基础题型，解题时需结合句子语境、汉语释义或首字母提示，确定单词的正确形式，包括单复数、词性等：1. 结合汉语“企鹅”，此处表复数概念，需用复数形式；2. 结合首字母r及气温上升的语境，匹配相关自然名词；3. 直接对应汉语“气候”的英文；4. 结合首字母t及温度相关语境确定名词；5. 结合汉语“支持”及名词所有格后接名词的规则确定单词。
【解析】1. 汉语提示“企鹅”，此处指一类事物，用复数形式penguins；2. 首字母为r，结合“气温上升”的语境，对应降雨量rainfall；3. 汉语提示“气候”，直接填名词climate；4. 首字母为t，结合“很少低于0℃”的语境，填名词temperature；5. 汉语提示“支持”，fans'后需接名词，填support。
【答案】1. penguins 2. rainfall 3. climate 4. temperature 5. support
【知识点】英语单词拼写、名词的用法
【点评】本题考查初中英语核心基础词汇的拼写，结合语境和提示即可完成，难度较低，侧重日常词汇积累。
【难度系数】0.8

二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. —Do you know about ecosystems, David?
—Yes, I know about them. (something)
2. I know that these two animals are but I don't know their . (different)
3. We know the desert plants keep water in their (leaf).
4. In Inner Mongolia, there (be) a lot of horses and cows.
5. We can see some lions and (giraffe) in our city zoo.

1. anything; something 2. different; differences 3. leaves 4. are 5. giraffes

【分析】
本题为英语词汇适当形式填空题，需结合语法规则和语境分析每个小题的考点：
1. 考查不定代词用法：something用于肯定句，anything用于疑问句/否定句；
2. 考查词性转换：be动词后需用形容词作表语，形容词different对应的名词为difference，且此处表复数概念；
3. 考查名词复数：leaf是可数名词，表泛指时用复数；
4. 考查there be句型的就近原则：be动词单复数由靠近它的主语决定；
5. 考查名词复数：some后接可数名词复数，giraffe的复数为规则变化。
【解析】
1. 第一句是一般疑问句，用anything；第二句是肯定句，用something，故填anything; something；
2. 第一空在be动词后，用形容词different作表语；第二空在their后，用名词difference的复数differences，故填different; differences；
3. leaf的复数形式为leaves，故填leaves；
4. there be句型中，靠近be动词的主语是复数horses，故be动词用are，填are；
5. some后接可数名词复数，giraffe的复数为giraffes，填giraffes。
【答案】
1. anything; something 2. different; differences 3. leaves 4. are 5. giraffes
【知识点】
不定代词用法；词性转换；名词复数；there be句型
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础题型，考察核心语法与词汇变形，侧重基础知识点的应用，是巩固英语词汇与句型的典型练习，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、根据汉语提示和要求完成句子(每空一词)
1.世界上一半的动植物都生活在雨林。
the animal and plants live in rainforests in the world.
2.北极冰是北极熊的家园。
The polar ice polar bears.
3.草原通常位于沙漠和森林之间。
Grasslands often lie deserts forests.
4.The climate in deserts is very awful. Only a few animals and plants can live there. (合成一句)
The climate in deserts is only a few animals and plants can live there.
5.It's very dry in deserts because there's little rainfall. (对画线部分提问)
very dry in deserts?

1. Half of 2. is home to 3. between; and 4. so awful that 5. Why is it

【分析】
1. 第1题需表达“一半的”，对应英语固定短语Half of，注意首字母大写，修饰复数名词；2. 第2题考查“是…的家园”的固定搭配be home to，主语为不可数名词，用一般现在时be动词is；3. 第3题“在…和…之间”用固定介词短语between...and...；4. 第4题需将两个简单句转换为结果状语从句，用so...that...表“如此…以至于…”；5. 第5题对原因提问，用特殊疑问词Why，将原句be动词提前构成疑问语序。
【解析】
1. 表示“一半的”固定短语为Half of，故填Half of；2. 固定搭配be home to表示“是…的家园”，主语the polar ice为不可数名词，一般现在时be动词用is，故填is home to；3. “在…和…之间”的固定结构为between...and...，故填between; and；4. 用so...that...引导结果状语从句，表“气候如此糟糕以至于只有少数生物能存活”，故填so awful that；5. 对原因提问用Why，原句是It's very dry，疑问语序为Why is it，故填Why is it。
【答案】
1. Half of 2. is home to 3. between; and 4. so awful that 5. Why is it
【知识点】
固定搭配、介词短语、句型转换
【点评】
本题为英语基础题型，考查常用固定表达、介词搭配及句型转换，侧重基础知识点的掌握，是初中英语的常见考点，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、阅读理解
字数：207 体裁：说明文 核心素养：语言能力
话题：红树林 难度：中 建议用时：5分钟
Mangroves are special trees that grow near the sea. They are really good at cleaning the water and helping animals like birds. They can protect the seaside from big waves when there are big storms. They also help fight climate(气候) change by taking in CO₂.
A new centre called the International Mangrove Centre (IMC) was opened in Shenzhen on November 6th, 2024. The centre was built by 18 different countries to protect mangroves. As a vital part of mangroves protection, it will help make rules for keeping mangroves safe. People share ideas on how to take care of mangroves and animals that live there. A professor from Tsinghua University thinks that the centre will help people learn more about the mangroves and how to protect them.
From 2020, Shenzhen has done a great job protecting mangrove forests and the birds living in them. People are not allowed to use streetlights because it may hurt the birds' eyes at night. Shenzhen is showing how to bring back mangroves and make better places for them. It shows that cities can help take care of nature. With the help of the IMC, mangroves in Shenzhen will be better taken care of and grow better.
1. What can we know about mangroves?
A. They grow in the forests.
B. They pollute the sea water.
C. They cause climate change.
D. They keep the seaside safe.
2. What is the purpose of the IMC?
A. To share experience.
B. To protect mangroves.
C. To plant mangroves.
D. To study climate change.
3. What does the underlined word "vital" mean?
A. important
B. harmful
C. difficult
D. useless
4. ＜新考法＞ 推断段落大意 What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Animals are well protected in Shenzhen.
B. Streetlights can be harmful to mangroves.
C. Shenzhen has been protecting mangroves.
D. The IMC will help protect the birds' eyes.
5. ＜新考法＞ 推断文章出处 Where can we find this passage?
A. In a novel.
B. In a diary.
C. In a newspaper.
D. In a tour guide.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上首个红树林中心在深圳成立的情况及其重要意义。
1. D [解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Mangroves are special trees that grow near the sea... They can protect the seaside from big waves when there are big storms. They also help fight climate（气候）change by taking in $\ce{CO_{2}}$.”可知，红树林是生长在海边的特殊树木。当有大风暴时，它们可以保护海边免受大浪袭击。它们还通过吸收 $\ce{CO_{2}}$ 来帮助应对气候变化，即它们保护海边的安全。故选 D。
2. B [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A new centre called the International Mangrove Center（IMC）was opened in Shenzhen on November 6th, 2024. The centre was built by 18 different countries to protect mangroves.”可知，国际红树林中心的目的是保护红树林。故选 B。
3. A [解析]词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“As a vital part of mangroves protection, it will help make rules for keeping mangroves safe.”可知，作为红树林保护的重要组成部分，它将有助于制定保护红树林安全的规则。由此可知，画线单词 vital 的意思是“重要的”，与 important 同义。
故选 A。
4. C [解析]主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“From 2020, Shenzhen has done a great job protecting mangrove forests and the birds living in them.”可知，第三段主要讲述了深圳一直在保护红树林。故选 C。
5. C [解析]推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上首个红树林中心在深圳成立的情况及其重要意义。由此可推测出，我们可能在报纸上看到此篇文章。故选 C。

【分析】
本题是关于红树林及国际红树林中心的英语说明文阅读理解题，涵盖细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断等题型。解题思路为：先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对不同题型采用对应方法：细节题需定位题干关键词回原文匹配信息；词义猜测题结合上下文语境推断词义；主旨大意题抓取段落主题句或全文核心；推理判断题结合文本合理推断，避免主观臆断。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第一段“Mangroves are special trees that grow near the sea... They can protect the seaside from big waves when there are big storms.”可知，红树林能保护海边安全。A选项“生长在森林”与原文“near the sea”不符；B选项“污染海水”与原文“cleaning the water”相悖；C选项“导致气候变化”与原文“help fight climate change”不符，故选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第二段“A new centre called the International Mangrove Centre (IMC)... was built by 18 different countries to protect mangroves.”可知，IMC的目的是保护红树林，故选B。
3. 词义猜测题：根据“As a vital part of mangroves protection, it will help make rules for keeping mangroves safe.”可知，vital修饰红树林保护的关键部分，且该部分能助力制定保护规则，故vital意为“重要的”，对应A选项important，故选A。
4. 主旨大意题：第三段主题句为“From 2020, Shenzhen has done a great job protecting mangrove forests and the birds living in them.”，整段围绕深圳保护红树林展开，故选C。
5. 推理判断题：文章介绍2024年11月深圳成立国际红树林中心的新闻事件，属于时效性科普内容，最可能出现在报纸上；A选项小说、B选项日记、D选项旅游指南均不符合文本属性，故选C。
【答案】1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题
【点评】本题为环保主题的说明文阅读，涵盖多种常见阅读题型，考查学生信息定位、语境推断及主旨把握能力，新考法的段落大意和文章出处推断需结合文本细节分析，难度适中，符合中等难度题目的考查要求。
【难度系数】0.5