新素材 素材来源:Learning Lifoff
[2026 原创] Grace Murray Hopper was an important figure in the early years of computer development. Her work strongly influenced the technology we use today. During World War Ⅱ, she supported the US Navy by doing secret calculations on the IBM Mark Ⅰ, one of the first electromechanical computers in the country.
Hopper was born in 1906 in New York City. She studied mathematics at Yale University and received advanced degrees while also teaching at Vassar College.
Hopper soon became a leading figure in computer science. She designed one of the first compilers, a tool that changed mathematical instructions into language computers could understand. She also suggested using everyday English words in programs instead of symbols. This idea helped her team develop the first word-based programming language, making computers easier for more people to use.
Later, Hopper returned to active Navy service to help organize and standardize the Navy's many computer programs. During her life, she received more than 40 honorary degrees and major awards such as the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the National Medal of Technology.

Hopper believed strongly in the future of computers. In 1983, she said, “We’re only at the beginning.” History has proven her right.
()1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The development of the IBM Mark Ⅰ computer.
B. The US Navy's secret work during World War Ⅱ.
C. The influence of old technology on our lives today.
D. An introduction to Grace Murray Hopper and her importance.
()2. What does “This idea” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Joining the Naval Reserve.
B. Designing one of the first compilers.
C. Working at Harvard University.
D. Using English words in programs.
()3. What does the last paragraph suggest about Hopper?
A. She was worried about computer development.
B. She had a positive vision for computer technology.
C. She thought computers would replace human work.
D. She believed computers were already perfect in 1983.

1. D 主旨大意题。第一段开篇即点明"Grace Murray Hopper was an important figure..."并简要介绍了其主要贡献,主要作用是向读者介绍文章的主人公及其重要性。故选D项。
2. D 词义猜测题。根据"She also suggested using everyday English words in programs instead of symbols. This idea..."可知,This idea指代前一句中提出的具体想法,即"在程序中使用日常英语单词,而不是符号"。故选D项。
3. B 推理判断题。根据"We're only at the beginning."可知她认为计算机技术未来还有无限的发展潜力和可能性。这表明她对未来计算机技术的积极展望。故选B项。

新素材素材话题:本草宗师李时珍的治学
之路
[2026 山东济南期末] Li Shizhen is a famous medical scientist. 4 The book is highly detailed and organized, and it is the product of several years' study of many books and medical texts. It summarizes the previous medical knowledge and experience, and corrected mistakes, lifting the Chinese medicine science to a new level. He added his own understanding based on his medical practice and his family's medical knowledge. 5
Both his father and grandfather were doctors and he grew up helping his father in his practice. When he was 38, he cured the son of a royal descendant, and a few years later, he was invited to be an official. 6 Meanwhile, he found there was some incorrect information. 7 So he wanted to survey all the knowledge of his time and write the most correct natural medical text.
He collected and referred to (参考) about 800 medical books. He travelled around to get first-hand experience. He also interviewed experts in each area, found people who worked with wild plants and animals and communicated with them. 8 There were so many details listed in it.
Li also wrote about other books on medical subjects and the remaining books are highly praised. He stood out as a hard-working scholar who tried to help people by writing the best medical books.
A. There were great efforts behind the book.
B. During this period, he read many old medical texts.
C. He wanted to make people understand him better.
D. After many years' efforts, the first draft (手稿) was completed.
E. He is mainly known for spending most of his life on a very long book of natural medicine called Bencao Gangmu.
F. Besides, the naming and categorization (分类) of the herbs were in a mess.
G. It is considered as one of the greatest scientific achievements of the Ming Dynasty.

4. E 根据后一句可知,此处是在介绍一本医学书籍。E选项(他主要因一生中大部分时间都在写一本名为《本草纲目》的很长的自然医学书而闻名。)符合语境。
5. G 根据前文可知,此处是在介绍这本书的巨大成就。G选项(它被认为是明朝最伟大的科学成就之一。)符合语境。
6. B 根据后一句可知,此处是说他阅读了很多医学文献并在其中发现了一些不正确的说法。B选项(在此期间,他阅读了许多古老的医学文献。)符合语境。
7. F 根据前一句可知,此处应继续说明他在文献里面发现的问题。F选项(此外,草药的命名和分类也一团糟。)符合语境。
8. D 根据前文和后一句可知,此处是说经过大量的准备工作后他完成了初稿。D选项(多年的努力之后,初稿完成了。)符合语境。