中考趋势 Ⅵ. 综合填空
根据短文内容,在空格上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese compass, one of China's Four Great Inventions, $\underline{\quad 1 \quad}$ (invent) during the Warring States Period. It was originally shaped like a spoon, with the handle $\underline{\quad 2 \quad}$ (point) south. Shen Kuo later improved it during the Song Dynasty, making it important for the $\underline{\quad 3 \quad}$ (explore) of sea.
The compass, $\underline{\quad 4 \quad}$ then spread to the Arab world and Europe, contributed to the discovery of new continents and helped shape world history.
The compass works based on the Earth's magnetic(有磁性的) field, a phenomenon(现象) discovered by observing how natural magnetite attracts iron filings(铁屑).
Before the compass was invented, sailors depended $\underline{\quad 5 \quad}$ the navigation(导航) of sky, using the sun and stars to find their way. The compass changed the game by allowing sailors $\underline{\quad 6 \quad}$ (decide) direction, even at night or in $\underline{\quad 7 \quad}$ (cloud) weather, greatly improving long-distance travel and discoveries.
It is widely recognized that the North Star $\underline{\quad 8 \quad}$ (help) find the north, yet cannot be seen in the Southern Hemisphere(半球). The compass, however, can point the way no matter where you are, making it $\underline{\quad 9 \quad}$ much more practical tool. Even today, the compass remains $\underline{\quad 10 \quad}$ (high) valuable in helping people find their way in unknown locations.
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
6. ______
7. ______
8. ______
9. ______
10.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国四大发明之一的指南针的历史、工作原理及其对世界历史的影响。
1. was invented 2. pointing 3. exploration 4. which 5. on/upon 6. to decide 7. cloudy 8. helps 9. a 10. highly

【分析】首先通读短文，明确文章围绕中国指南针的历史、作用展开。解题时需结合语法规则、固定搭配、词性转换等知识点，逐个分析每个空格：1. 需判断动词的语态及时态；2. 分析with复合结构的非谓语形式；3. 确定介词后接的词性；4. 识别定语从句的关系词；5. 回忆固定搭配；6. 运用allow的固定用法；7. 转换词性修饰名词；8. 确定主谓一致；9. 判断冠词用法；10. 转换词性修饰形容词。
【解析】1. 考查一般过去时的被动语态：主语The Chinese compass是动作invent的承受者，动作发生在过去，主语为单数，故填was invented。2. 考查with的复合结构：“with + 宾语 + 现在分词”作伴随状语，handle与point是主动关系，故填pointing。3. 考查词性转换：定冠词the后需接名词，explore的名词形式为exploration，故填exploration。4. 考查非限制性定语从句：先行词为the compass（物），在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导，填which。5. 考查固定搭配：depend on/upon意为“依靠，依赖”，故填on/upon。6. 考查固定搭配：allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”，故填to decide。7. 考查词性转换：修饰名词weather需用形容词，cloud的形容词形式为cloudy，故填cloudy。8. 考查一般现在时：主语the North Star为第三人称单数，描述客观事实，动词用第三人称单数形式，故填helps。9. 考查不定冠词：此处泛指“一个更实用的工具”，much以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a，填a。10. 考查词性转换：修饰形容词valuable需用副词，high的副词形式为highly，故填highly。
【答案】1. was invented 2. pointing 3. exploration 4. which 5. on/upon 6. to decide 7. cloudy 8. helps 9. a 10. highly
【知识点】被动语态、非谓语动词、定语从句
【点评】本题为中考常见的综合填空题，综合考查动词时态语态、非谓语动词、定语从句、固定搭配、词性转换等核心知识点，需结合语境与语法规则灵活运用，整体难度适中，能有效考查学生的英语基础应用能力。
【难度系数】0.6