十、[科普知识]阅读短文，根据短文内容完成思维导图，并回答问题。（12分）
Trees are useful to people in three very important ways.
First, they give us food, wood, and other products. Trees provide food for both humans and animals, helping us to live. It's hard to imagine life without them.
Second, trees offer shade. On a hot day, people like to rest in the cool shade of a tree after a long walk. This shade is very important for both people and animals.
Third, trees help prevent droughts(旱灾) and floods(水灾). However, in many places, people don't understand this. They cut down too many trees. Sadly, they later realize they have lost their best friends.
1. [思维导图]Finish the chart according to the passage.(8分)

2. Where do people like to have a rest on a hot day? (2分)

3. [开放问答]What do you learn from the end of the passage? (We should/shouldn't ... )(2分)

1. (1) food (2) without (3) shade (4) droughts
2. In the cool shade of a tree. 3. We shouldn't cut down too many trees. /We should plant more trees. (答案不唯一)

【分析】
本题是基于科普短文的阅读题，分为思维导图填空和问答两部分。解题思路为：先通读短文，明确树木的三个重要作用；再对应思维导图的每个空，定位原文信息完成填空；最后根据原文内容回答问题，开放问答需结合文章主旨作答。
【解析】
1. 思维导图填空：
(1) 原文第一段提到“they give us food, wood, and other products”，对应“provide us with...wood”，故填food；
(2) 原文第一段最后“It's hard to imagine life without them”，对应“can't live...trees”，故填without；
(3) 原文第二段“trees offer shade”，对应“They give us...”，故填shade；
(4) 原文第三段“trees help prevent droughts(旱灾) and floods(水灾)”，对应“prevent...and floods”，故填droughts。
2. 问题2：原文第二段“On a hot day, people like to rest in the cool shade of a tree”，直接提取答案。
3. 开放问答：原文最后指出人们砍太多树后失去了树木这个“最好的朋友”，主旨是应保护树木，故可回答相关内容。
【答案】
1. (1) food (2) without (3) shade (4) droughts；2. In the cool shade of a tree.；3. We shouldn't cut down too many trees. /We should plant more trees.
【知识点】
英语阅读、科普知识、信息提取
【点评】
本题考查学生对科普短文的信息提取能力，需准确定位原文对应内容，开放问答需结合文章主旨作答，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

十一、[时事热点]阅读短文，选择正确的答案。(10分)
What will you think of when we talk about sharks? A large body, a big mouth, scary teeth ..., right? Do you know there's a special shark? You can see it in some water in the world. It is WasteShark.
There is so much waste(废弃物) in the world every year, and a lot of that goes to the sea in the end. WasteShark helps with the waste. It is a drone(无人机) for cleaning up lakes, rivers, seas and so on.
The new drone can't fly in the sky but can swim in the water. It looks like a big fish. The smart drone can work for eight to ten hours a day. Also, WasteShark uses a positioning system(定位系统) to find where the waste is and eats it before it goes into the open sea. And it can test the water quality(质量).
WasteShark is a great invention(发明). It is called the "water cleaning robot". It can reduce the waste and make the water clean. It can also protect the animals in the water. But it is hard to get to the big open sea and clean the waste there. People usually clean the waste near the beach. It is easy and cheap.
()1. The special "shark" in the passage is a drone called .
A. HappyShark B. WasteShark C. UsefulShark D. CleanShark
()2. What can WasteShark do?
A. It can fly in the sky. B. It can clean the water.
C. It can catch real fish. D. It can save people in the water.
()3. How long can WasteShark work a day?
A. For 1－2 hours. B. For 5－8 hours.
C. For 8－10 hours. D. For all day long.
()4. What does the word "reduce" mean in the passage?
A. 减少 B. 发现 C. 增加 D. 制造
()5. Which of the following sentences is RIGHT about WasteShark?
A. It is a drone for cleaning the waste.
B. It is easy to clean the waste in the big open sea.
C. WasteShark can't fly but can eat fish in the water.
D. It works best in the deep ocean far from land.

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A

【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解选择题，需先通读短文把握核心内容，再针对每个小题的问题，定位到原文对应段落，仔细比对原文信息与选项，排除错误选项；遇到词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推断单词含义即可选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第一段最后一句“You can see it in some water in the world. It is WasteShark.”可知，特殊的“鲨鱼”是名为WasteShark的无人机，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据原文第二段“It is a drone for cleaning up lakes, rivers, seas and so on.”，结合第三段内容，WasteShark的功能是清洁水体；A选项与第三段“The new drone can't fly in the sky”不符，C、D选项原文未提及，故选B。
3. 第3题：根据原文第三段“The smart drone can work for eight to ten hours a day.”可知，选C。
4. 第4题：根据第四段“It can reduce the waste and make the water clean.”，结合WasteShark清理废弃物的功能，可推断reduce意为“减少”，故选A。
5. 第5题：A选项对应原文第二段“It is a drone for cleaning up lakes, rivers, seas and so on.”，表述正确；B选项与第四段“But it is hard to get to the big open sea and clean the waste there.”不符；C选项“eat fish”原文未提及；D选项与第四段“People usually clean the waste near the beach. It is easy and cheap.”不符，故选A。
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】本题为时事热点类英语阅读理解题，围绕“水清洁机器人WasteShark”展开，考查学生提取文章细节信息、猜测词义的能力，贴近生活实际，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6