五、完形填空。

Many of the foods were invented by accident. The story of potato chips is a perfect 1.
In 1853, a cook named George Crum got very mad when a customer kept sending his French fries back, complaining(抱怨) that they were too 2. So Crum cut the potatoes as thin as 3 and fried them until they were crispy. To 4 the customer a lesson, he even put lots of salt on them. 5, the customer loved them! These potatoes later became known as potato chips.
Potato chips are not the only accidental 6. The ice cream cone(圆锥) was also invented by chance. The story 7 back to 1904. An ice cream seller 8 plates so he couldn't sell his ice cream. Luckily, the waffle(华夫饼) seller next to him had an idea. He rolled(卷) his waffles into the shape of a cone. The ice cream was then placed into the waffle cones. It was a perfect solution and a great success!
These stories show that some of the most 9 foods in the world came from mistakes and quick thinking. When you eat an ice cream cone, you are 10 a piece of history in your hand.
So, when you try a new snack, think about its story. It might have a surprising beginning.
1. A. ability B. example
C. suggestion D. environment
2. A. tasty B. small C. thick D. thin
3. A. paper B. wood C. metal D. glass
4. A. learn B. teach C. receive D. provide
5. A. Sadly B. Angrily
C. Luckily D. Surprisingly
6. A. instrument B. invention
C. introduction D. influence
7. A. goes B. brings
C. takes D. thinks
8. A. ran after B. stuck to
C. took pride in D. ran out of
9. A. expensive B. boring
C. delicious D. healthy
10. A. holding B. having
C. knowing D. learning

1. B 根据“Many of the foods were invented by accident.”可知，是指薯片的故事是意外发明的典型例子。
2. C 根据 So Crum cut the potatoes as thin as 可知，顾客是觉得太厚了，所以才把土豆切得尽可能薄。
3. A 根据 as thin as 可知，是指和纸一样薄。
4. B 根据 he even put lots of salt on them 可知，在土豆上放很多盐是为了给顾客教训，teach sb. a lesson 意为“给某人一个教训”。
5. D 根据 the customer loved them 及前文可知，厨师本想给顾客一个教训，结果顾客却很喜欢，这是令人惊讶的。
6. B 根据“The ice cream cone was also invented by chance.”可知，是指薯片不是唯一的意外发明。
7. A go back to 追溯到，固定搭配，符合语境。
8. D 根据 so he couldn't sell his ice cream 可知，是用完了盘子，所以才不能卖冰淇淋了。
9. C 这些故事表明，世界上一些最美味的食物来自错误和快速的思考。
10. A 当你吃冰淇淋蛋筒时，你手里正握着一段历史。

【分析】本题是一篇关于人类意外发明食物的记叙文完形填空，解题时需结合上下文语境、词义辨析及固定搭配逐一分析每个空格：1. 前文提到很多食物是意外发明，薯片的故事是典型例子，故选example；2. 厨师切土豆是因为顾客抱怨薯条太厚，对应thick；3. 表示“像纸一样薄”用as thin as paper，符合语境；4. “给某人教训”是固定搭配teach sb. a lesson；5. 厨师本想教训顾客，结果顾客喜欢，这是令人惊讶的，选surprisingly；6. 冰淇淋蛋筒也是意外发明，对应invention；7. “追溯到”是固定搭配go back to；8. 用完盘子导致无法卖冰淇淋，run out of符合；9. 描述美味的食物，选delicious；10. “握着一段历史”用holding，符合语境。
【解析】1. 选B。根据前文“Many of the foods were invented by accident.”可知，此处指薯片的故事是意外发明的典型例子，example符合语境。2. 选C。由后文“So Crum cut the potatoes as thin as...”可知，顾客抱怨薯条太厚，thick正确。3. 选A。as thin as paper是固定表达，意为“像纸一样薄”，符合厨师切土豆的程度。4. 选B。teach sb. a lesson是固定搭配，意为“给某人一个教训”，符合厨师放盐想教训顾客的语境。5. 选D。厨师本想教训顾客，结果顾客却喜欢，这是令人惊讶的，surprisingly符合。6. 选B。根据“The ice cream cone was also invented by chance.”可知，冰淇淋蛋筒也是意外发明，invention正确。7. 选A。go back to是固定搭配，意为“追溯到”，符合故事时间的表述。8. 选D。由“so he couldn't sell his ice cream”可知，冰淇淋卖家用完了盘子，run out of意为“用完”，符合。9. 选C。结合语境，此处指世界上一些最美味的食物来自错误和快速思考，delicious正确。10. 选A。hold有“握着”之意，此处指手里握着一段历史，holding符合语境。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A
【知识点】完形填空解题技巧、词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】本文围绕人类意外发明食物的主题展开，考查学生对语境的理解、词汇辨析及固定搭配的掌握，是一篇贴近生活的记叙文，难度适中，能有效考查学生的综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】0.6

六、任务型阅读。

Traffic lights are very important to us. But do you know how they were born?
Morgan was born in the US. His family was very poor. He left school at a young age. He was smart. He always looked for better ways to do things, and he liked to make new things. At that time, every American wanted to have a car. The streets were full of cars. The traffic was bad. Early traffic lights only had red and green. Morgan saw this problem and invented an automatic traffic signal with a timer to change the lights.
根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。
1. Morgan came from Canada.
2. Morgan was away from school when he was young.
3. Morgan invented traffic lights because he wanted a car.
4. Morgan was clever when he was young.
5. The best title for the passage is “Morgan improved the traffic lights”.

1～5. FTFTT

【分析】
本题为任务型阅读的判断正误题，解题思路是：先通读短文，把握核心内容（人物Morgan的背景、发明交通灯的缘由）；再逐题定位原文对应信息，对比题目表述与原文是否一致，逐一判断正误。具体步骤：1. 提取短文关键信息：Morgan出生于美国，年少离校，聪明，因当时交通拥堵，发明了带定时器的自动交通信号；2. 针对每个题目，回到原文找依据，判断对错。
【解析】
1. 根据短文“Morgan was born in the US.”可知Morgan来自美国，而非加拿大，故判断为F；
2. 根据短文“He left school at a young age.”可知Morgan年少时就离校，与题目表述一致，故判断为T；
3. 根据短文“Morgan saw this problem and invented an automatic traffic signal...”可知Morgan发明交通灯是因为交通问题，而非想要车，故判断为F；
4. 根据短文“He was smart.”可知Morgan年轻时很聪明，smart与clever同义，故判断为T；
5. 短文主要讲述Morgan发明/改进交通灯的过程，“Morgan improved the traffic lights”符合文章主旨，故判断为T。
【答案】
1～5. FTFTT
【知识点】
阅读理解判断正误、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本题难度较低，主要考查学生对短文细节信息的查找理解及文章主旨的把握，只要仔细阅读原文，对应题目逐一核对即可得出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8