登录
二、阅读理解
When the first supermarket opened its doors, shoppers were in surprise. That day in January 1948 changed the way people in the UK shopped. On 12 January, 1948, a great number of people crowded into a new shop in Manor Park, London. This was because it allowed shoppers to choose, touch and take things off the shelves themselves. The idea came from the USA, where a supermarket-style shop called Piggly Wiggly opened in 1916. Its owner, Clarence Saunders, decided to let people help themselves instead of serving each of them. In this way, he could cut costs and reduce prices. Shopping trolleys(购物车) first appeared in the UK supermarkets in 1950. With a trolley, people could carry more in a single shopping trip.
Within 10 years, supermarkets were springing up all over Britain. People could find one almost anywhere. The first one-stop supermarket opened in Nottinghamshire, England, in 1964. It had 50 departments and sold everything under one roof. Around 30,000 people and 1,000 cars turned up on its opening weekend, causing traffic jams(交通堵塞). Today, 9 out of 10 people buy things from supermarkets.
Supermarkets are using technology to make shopping easier. Some supermarkets use cameras and shelves to see and weigh what people buy. In the USA, “smart trolleys” scan(扫描) objects when they are dropped in and make it easy for customers to find things. Engineers in Hong Kong have designed self-driving trolleys. Supermarkets are looking for smarter ways to send things too. Coles Supermarket in Australia uses drones(无人机) to fly things to customers' doors.
(
A. How British people paid for things.
B. How supermarkets in the UK started.
C. How shopping trolleys developed.
D. How the owner cut costs in the shop.
(
a. The first supermarket opened in Manor Park.
b. Clarence Saunders started Piggly Wiggly.
c. Shopping trolleys first appeared in the UK.
d. The first one-stop supermarket opened in the UK.
A. a-b-c-d
B. a-b-d-c
C. b-a-d-c
D. b-a-c-d
(
A. It carries more than before.
B. It moves around by itself.
C. It helps people find things.
D. It weighs the things inside.
(
A. The Cultures of Different Supermarkets
B. The History of European Supermarkets
C. The Importance of Supermarkets
D. The Development of Supermarkets
When the first supermarket opened its doors, shoppers were in surprise. That day in January 1948 changed the way people in the UK shopped. On 12 January, 1948, a great number of people crowded into a new shop in Manor Park, London. This was because it allowed shoppers to choose, touch and take things off the shelves themselves. The idea came from the USA, where a supermarket-style shop called Piggly Wiggly opened in 1916. Its owner, Clarence Saunders, decided to let people help themselves instead of serving each of them. In this way, he could cut costs and reduce prices. Shopping trolleys(购物车) first appeared in the UK supermarkets in 1950. With a trolley, people could carry more in a single shopping trip.
Within 10 years, supermarkets were springing up all over Britain. People could find one almost anywhere. The first one-stop supermarket opened in Nottinghamshire, England, in 1964. It had 50 departments and sold everything under one roof. Around 30,000 people and 1,000 cars turned up on its opening weekend, causing traffic jams(交通堵塞). Today, 9 out of 10 people buy things from supermarkets.
Supermarkets are using technology to make shopping easier. Some supermarkets use cameras and shelves to see and weigh what people buy. In the USA, “smart trolleys” scan(扫描) objects when they are dropped in and make it easy for customers to find things. Engineers in Hong Kong have designed self-driving trolleys. Supermarkets are looking for smarter ways to send things too. Coles Supermarket in Australia uses drones(无人机) to fly things to customers' doors.
(
B
)1. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. How British people paid for things.
B. How supermarkets in the UK started.
C. How shopping trolleys developed.
D. How the owner cut costs in the shop.
(
D
)2. In which order did these events happen?a. The first supermarket opened in Manor Park.
b. Clarence Saunders started Piggly Wiggly.
c. Shopping trolleys first appeared in the UK.
d. The first one-stop supermarket opened in the UK.
A. a-b-c-d
B. a-b-d-c
C. b-a-d-c
D. b-a-c-d
(
C
)3. What does a “smart trolley” in the USA do?A. It carries more than before.
B. It moves around by itself.
C. It helps people find things.
D. It weighs the things inside.
(
D
)4. What's the best title for the passage?A. The Cultures of Different Supermarkets
B. The History of European Supermarkets
C. The Importance of Supermarkets
D. The Development of Supermarkets
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超市的发展历程。
1. B 段落大意题。根据“When the first supermarket opened its doors,... Shopping trolleys first appeared in the UK supermarkets in 1950. With a trolley, people could carry more in a single shopping trip.”可知，本段主要是介绍英国的超市是如何被创立的。故选 B。
2. D 事件排序题。根据文章内容可知，正确的顺序是 Clarence Saunders 创立了 Piggly Wiggly——第一家超市在 Manor 公园开业——购物车出现在英国——第一家一站式超市在英国开业。故选 D。
3. C 细节理解题。根据“In the USA, ‘smart trolleys’ scan objects when they are dropped in and make it easy for customers to find things.”可知，“智能购物车”会在物品被放入时进行扫描，让顾客更容易找到物品。故选 C。
4. D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了超市的发展历程，从 1916 年世界第一家超市在美国被创立，到 1948 年第一次出现在英国之后迅速发展，再到如今科技使购物变得更容易。D 项作为标题最合适。故选 D。
1. B 段落大意题。根据“When the first supermarket opened its doors,... Shopping trolleys first appeared in the UK supermarkets in 1950. With a trolley, people could carry more in a single shopping trip.”可知，本段主要是介绍英国的超市是如何被创立的。故选 B。
2. D 事件排序题。根据文章内容可知，正确的顺序是 Clarence Saunders 创立了 Piggly Wiggly——第一家超市在 Manor 公园开业——购物车出现在英国——第一家一站式超市在英国开业。故选 D。
3. C 细节理解题。根据“In the USA, ‘smart trolleys’ scan objects when they are dropped in and make it easy for customers to find things.”可知，“智能购物车”会在物品被放入时进行扫描，让顾客更容易找到物品。故选 C。
4. D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了超市的发展历程，从 1916 年世界第一家超市在美国被创立，到 1948 年第一次出现在英国之后迅速发展，再到如今科技使购物变得更容易。D 项作为标题最合适。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇说明文阅读，我们可以按题型逐个梳理思路：
1. 第1题是段落大意题，首先定位到第一段，梳理整段的核心内容，排除只涉及局部细节、完全未提及内容的干扰选项，就能得到第一段的主旨。
2. 第2题是事件排序题，只需要回到原文逐个找到四个事件对应的时间节点，按时间先后排列顺序即可快速选出答案。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，直接用题干关键词"smart trolley"定位到原文对应段落，匹配选项和原文描述，排除张冠李戴的干扰项。
4. 第4题是标题归纳题，通读全文抓住文章的核心叙事主线，排除表述片面、完全偏离内容的选项，就能选出最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段内容：段落从1948年英国第一家超市开业切入，介绍自助购物模式的起源，以及英国早期超市配套购物车的出现，核心围绕英国超市的开端展开。A选项“英国人如何付款”第一段完全没有提及；C选项“购物车如何发展”只是段落末尾的零散细节，并非全段主旨；D选项“店主如何降低成本”只是介绍美国最早超市时的局部信息，不是段落核心，因此选B。
2. 逐个定位事件对应的时间：①1916年Clarence Saunders开设Piggly Wiggly，对应事件b；②1948年英国第一家超市在Manor Park开业，对应事件a；③1950年购物车首次出现在英国超市，对应事件c；④1964年英国第一家一站式超市在诺丁汉郡开业，对应事件d。先后顺序为b-a-c-d，选D。
3. 根据第三段原文"In the USA, "smart trolleys" scan(扫描) objects when they are dropped in and make it easy for customers to find things."可知美国的智能购物车可以帮助顾客找商品。A选项是普通购物车的功能，B选项是香港研发的自动驾驶购物车的特点，D选项是超市摄像头和称重货架的功能，均不符合描述，选C。
4. 通读全文，文章按照时间顺序，从世界上第一家超市诞生，到超市传入英国快速普及，再到当下各类新技术赋能超市购物，完整介绍了超市的发展历程。A选项“不同超市的文化”文中无相关内容；B选项“欧洲超市的历史”表述片面，文章也介绍了美国、澳大利亚、中国香港的相关案例；C选项“超市的重要性”并非文章核心论述方向，因此最贴合的标题是D选项。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
说明文阅读，细节信息查找，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本篇阅读以超市发展为叙事主线，逻辑清晰，题型覆盖了初中英语阅读常考的段落大意、事件排序、细节理解、标题归纳四类题型，能够有效锻炼学生定位原文信息、梳理文本时间逻辑、区分局部细节和全文主旨的能力，解题时注意避免张冠李戴、以偏概全的误区即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.6
拿到这篇说明文阅读，我们可以按题型逐个梳理思路：
1. 第1题是段落大意题，首先定位到第一段，梳理整段的核心内容，排除只涉及局部细节、完全未提及内容的干扰选项，就能得到第一段的主旨。
2. 第2题是事件排序题，只需要回到原文逐个找到四个事件对应的时间节点，按时间先后排列顺序即可快速选出答案。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，直接用题干关键词"smart trolley"定位到原文对应段落，匹配选项和原文描述，排除张冠李戴的干扰项。
4. 第4题是标题归纳题，通读全文抓住文章的核心叙事主线，排除表述片面、完全偏离内容的选项，就能选出最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段内容：段落从1948年英国第一家超市开业切入，介绍自助购物模式的起源，以及英国早期超市配套购物车的出现，核心围绕英国超市的开端展开。A选项“英国人如何付款”第一段完全没有提及；C选项“购物车如何发展”只是段落末尾的零散细节，并非全段主旨；D选项“店主如何降低成本”只是介绍美国最早超市时的局部信息，不是段落核心，因此选B。
2. 逐个定位事件对应的时间：①1916年Clarence Saunders开设Piggly Wiggly，对应事件b；②1948年英国第一家超市在Manor Park开业，对应事件a；③1950年购物车首次出现在英国超市，对应事件c；④1964年英国第一家一站式超市在诺丁汉郡开业，对应事件d。先后顺序为b-a-c-d，选D。
3. 根据第三段原文"In the USA, "smart trolleys" scan(扫描) objects when they are dropped in and make it easy for customers to find things."可知美国的智能购物车可以帮助顾客找商品。A选项是普通购物车的功能，B选项是香港研发的自动驾驶购物车的特点，D选项是超市摄像头和称重货架的功能，均不符合描述，选C。
4. 通读全文，文章按照时间顺序，从世界上第一家超市诞生，到超市传入英国快速普及，再到当下各类新技术赋能超市购物，完整介绍了超市的发展历程。A选项“不同超市的文化”文中无相关内容；B选项“欧洲超市的历史”表述片面，文章也介绍了美国、澳大利亚、中国香港的相关案例；C选项“超市的重要性”并非文章核心论述方向，因此最贴合的标题是D选项。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
说明文阅读，细节信息查找，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本篇阅读以超市发展为叙事主线，逻辑清晰，题型覆盖了初中英语阅读常考的段落大意、事件排序、细节理解、标题归纳四类题型，能够有效锻炼学生定位原文信息、梳理文本时间逻辑、区分局部细节和全文主旨的能力，解题时注意避免张冠李戴、以偏概全的误区即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.6
