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五、(2024·济宁)阅读理解。
Have you ever seen or used a saw，or “ju” in Chinese? Do you know who invented(发明) it?
The inventor was Lu Ban. He was born in the state of Lu in ancient China more than 2，500 years ago. That is where Qufu lies in the east of Jining.
Lu Ban was the greatest carpenter(木匠) in his time. Once the king ordered him and his team to build a palace in a very short time. They would be punished(惩罚) if they missed the deadline(最后期限). They had only axes，or fuzi in Chinese，to cut the trees and prepare the wood for the palace，so work was very slow.
One day Lu Ban rushed up the hill to see how things were going. Suddenly the sharp(锋利) teeth of a leaf cut his hand. Then a bright idea came into his head. Soon he made a tool with teeth along the side of a long iron bar(条状物). With this tool，work became much faster，and they completed(完成) the work before the deadline.
That is how the saw was invented.
Lu Ban invented many other useful tools for carpenters and interesting toys for children. The Wooden Bird，for example，could stay in the air for three days. That’s why he is regarded as the God of Carpentry.
(
A.
B.
C.
D.
(
A. Use only axes.
B. Build a palace quickly.
C. Cut the trees.
D. Prepare the wood.
(
A. How Lu Ban’s hand was hurt.
B. Why Lu Ban invented the saw.
C. How the saw was invented.
D. How the palace was completed.
(
A. A bike.
B. A kite.
C. A ship.
D. A car.
Have you ever seen or used a saw，or “ju” in Chinese? Do you know who invented(发明) it?
The inventor was Lu Ban. He was born in the state of Lu in ancient China more than 2，500 years ago. That is where Qufu lies in the east of Jining.
Lu Ban was the greatest carpenter(木匠) in his time. Once the king ordered him and his team to build a palace in a very short time. They would be punished(惩罚) if they missed the deadline(最后期限). They had only axes，or fuzi in Chinese，to cut the trees and prepare the wood for the palace，so work was very slow.
One day Lu Ban rushed up the hill to see how things were going. Suddenly the sharp(锋利) teeth of a leaf cut his hand. Then a bright idea came into his head. Soon he made a tool with teeth along the side of a long iron bar(条状物). With this tool，work became much faster，and they completed(完成) the work before the deadline.
That is how the saw was invented.
Lu Ban invented many other useful tools for carpenters and interesting toys for children. The Wooden Bird，for example，could stay in the air for three days. That’s why he is regarded as the God of Carpentry.
(
A
)1. In which picture can you see a saw?A.
B.
C.
D.
(
B
)2. What did the king order Lu Ban and his team to do?A. Use only axes.
B. Build a palace quickly.
C. Cut the trees.
D. Prepare the wood.
(
C
)3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A. How Lu Ban’s hand was hurt.
B. Why Lu Ban invented the saw.
C. How the saw was invented.
D. How the palace was completed.
(
B
)4. Which of the following did Lu Ban’s Wooden Bird work like?A. A bike.
B. A kite.
C. A ship.
D. A car.
答案
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B
解析
【分析】
这是一篇结合常识的英语阅读理解题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读所有题干，明确每道题的考察方向，带着问题回原文定位对应内容；2. 第一题是词义+识图题，先明确saw的中文含义是锯子，对比四幅工具图匹配对应选项；3. 第二题是细节题，直接定位原文描述国王命令的语句，和选项逐一匹配排除；4. 第三题是段落主旨题，梳理第四段的行文脉络，提炼核心讲述的内容；5. 第四题是推理判断题，结合原文描述的木鸟“能在空中停留三天”的属性，对比四个选项的物品特征选出答案。
【解析】
1. 第一题：saw的含义是锯子，观察四幅图，A是手锯，B是木工刨，C是凿子，D是斧头，只有A对应锯子，因此选A。
2. 第二题：定位原文第三段原句"Once the king ordered him and his team to build a palace in a very short time"，可知国王的要求是让鲁班团队快速修建宫殿，对应选项B。
3. 第三题：第四段先后讲述鲁班上山时被带齿的草叶割伤手，从中获得灵感，制作出侧边带齿的铁制工具也就是锯，大幅提升了工作效率，整段核心是介绍锯的发明全过程，对应选项C。
4. 第四题：根据原文最后一段"The Wooden Bird, for example, could stay in the air for three days"，可知木鸟可以在空中停留，选项里只有风筝具备空中飞行停留的属性，自行车、船、汽车都不具备空中停留的特征，因此选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，主旨大意判断，常识推理
【点评】
本题结合了中国古代工匠鲁班的相关历史常识，题型设置兼顾识图、细节查找、主旨提炼和常识推理，整体趣味性强，没有复杂的长难句，学生只要能准确定位原文对应语句，结合基础生活常识就可以顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇结合常识的英语阅读理解题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读所有题干，明确每道题的考察方向，带着问题回原文定位对应内容；2. 第一题是词义+识图题，先明确saw的中文含义是锯子，对比四幅工具图匹配对应选项；3. 第二题是细节题，直接定位原文描述国王命令的语句，和选项逐一匹配排除；4. 第三题是段落主旨题，梳理第四段的行文脉络，提炼核心讲述的内容；5. 第四题是推理判断题，结合原文描述的木鸟“能在空中停留三天”的属性，对比四个选项的物品特征选出答案。
【解析】
1. 第一题：saw的含义是锯子，观察四幅图，A是手锯，B是木工刨，C是凿子，D是斧头，只有A对应锯子，因此选A。
2. 第二题：定位原文第三段原句"Once the king ordered him and his team to build a palace in a very short time"，可知国王的要求是让鲁班团队快速修建宫殿，对应选项B。
3. 第三题：第四段先后讲述鲁班上山时被带齿的草叶割伤手，从中获得灵感，制作出侧边带齿的铁制工具也就是锯，大幅提升了工作效率，整段核心是介绍锯的发明全过程，对应选项C。
4. 第四题：根据原文最后一段"The Wooden Bird, for example, could stay in the air for three days"，可知木鸟可以在空中停留，选项里只有风筝具备空中飞行停留的属性，自行车、船、汽车都不具备空中停留的特征，因此选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，主旨大意判断，常识推理
【点评】
本题结合了中国古代工匠鲁班的相关历史常识，题型设置兼顾识图、细节查找、主旨提炼和常识推理，整体趣味性强，没有复杂的长难句，学生只要能准确定位原文对应语句，结合基础生活常识就可以顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
