一、请根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
1. Smoking can make the r of developing heart trouble go up.
2. The beach is within walking d of my house so you can get there easily.
3. Children show c about everything. This helps them learn new things quickly.
4. Making progress is sometimes s a matter of keeping trying — like when you finally ride a bike smoothly after many falls.
5. We were flying a the clouds. Suddenly, our plane started shaking because of strong winds.
6. The team s climbed to the mountain top. They took photos to celebrate their hard work.
7. The n side of the mountain gets less direct sunlight in winter. As a result, it is generally colder than the southern side.
8. She was sick to d of eating the same food every day. So she asked her mum to teach her how to cook new dishes.
9. It is her lifelong a to travel around the world. She has already saved enough money to visit three countries next year.
10. The weather is very c at this time of year. You may need both an umbrella and sunglasses in the same day.

1. risk 2. distance 3. curiosity
4. simply 5. above
6. successfully 7. northern
8. death 9. ambition
10. changeable

【分析】
本题为根据句意及首字母提示补全单词的题型，解题思路是：先通读每个句子理解语境，再结合首字母，依据固定搭配、词性要求（名词、副词、形容词等）回忆匹配符合语境的单词，最终确定正确答案。
【解析】
1. 句意：吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，结合首字母r及语境，填名词risk。
2. 固定搭配walking distance意为“步行距离”，符合“房子离海滩步行可达”的语境，填distance。
3. 固定搭配show curiosity about意为“对……表现出好奇”，符合“孩子对一切好奇”的语境，填curiosity。
4. 句意：进步有时只是坚持尝试的事，结合首字母s及词性（修饰整个句子用副词），填simply。
5. 句意：我们正飞在云层上方，结合首字母a及语境，填介词above。
6. 此处修饰动词climbed需用副词，结合首字母s及“登顶庆祝”的语境，填successfully。
7. 由后文“southern side（南侧）”对应，结合首字母n，填形容词northern（北部的）。
8. 固定搭配be sick to death of意为“对……厌烦至极”，符合“厌烦每天吃同样食物”的语境，填death。
9. 句意：环游世界是她终身的抱负，结合首字母a及语境，填名词ambition。
10. 句意：每年这个时候天气多变，同一天可能需要伞和太阳镜，结合首字母c，填形容词changeable。
【答案】
1. risk 2. distance 3. curiosity 4. simply 5. above 6. successfully 7. northern 8. death 9. ambition 10. changeable
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、固定搭配、词性辨析
【点评】
本题考查初中核心词汇的掌握，侧重语境理解与固定搭配的运用，是基础题型，能帮助学生巩固词汇及搭配知识。
【难度系数】
0.4

二、请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空。每空限填一词，每词限用一次
climb condition shoulder determine teammate survive
11. I am to be well-prepared for the future, so I study hard every day.
12. He looked back over his and saw his friend was waving goodbye to him.
13. Some birds couldn't find enough food under the snow, so they didn't the cold winter.
14. Monkeys are excellent . This helps them find food and stay safe from danger.
15. Working are very important and the workers are directly affected by them.
16. My helped me solve the math problem. Working with them, I finished the homework faster.

11. determined 12. shoulder
13. survive 14. climbers
15. conditions 16. teammates

【分析】
本题为选词填空，需先明确方框内单词的词义与词性，再结合句子语境、固定搭配、语法规则（如单复数、动词形式）选择合适单词并调整正确形式。具体思路：1. 通读每个句子理解句意；2. 分析空格处所需的词性、词义；3. 匹配方框内单词，调整为正确形式（如名词单复数、固定搭配中的正确形式）。
【解析】
11. 句意：我决心为未来做好准备，所以每天努力学习。固定搭配be determined to do sth表示“决心做某事”，故填determined。
12. 句意：他回头看自己的肩膀，看到朋友在向他挥手告别。固定短语look back over one's shoulder表示“回头看”，故填shoulder。
13. 句意：一些鸟在雪下找不到足够的食物，所以没能在寒冷的冬天幸存下来。didn't后接动词原形，survive意为“幸存”，符合句意，故填survive。
14. 句意：猴子是优秀的攀爬者，这帮助它们找到食物并远离危险。此处需表示“攀爬者”，climb的名词形式为climber，主语monkeys为复数，故填climbers。
15. 句意：工作条件非常重要，工人直接受它们影响。work conditions表示“工作条件”，condition为可数名词，此处用复数形式，故填conditions。
16. 句意：我的队友帮我解决了这道数学题，和他们一起，我更快完成了作业。由后句的them可知，此处需用teammate的复数形式teammates，故填teammates。
【答案】
11. determined 12. shoulder 13. survive 14. climbers 15. conditions 16. teammates
【知识点】
固定搭配、名词单复数、词性转换
【点评】
本题考查选词填空，侧重单词在语境中的正确运用，涉及固定短语、名词单复数及词性变化，难度适中，学生需结合句意和语法规则分析，细心即可完成。
【难度系数】
0.6