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四、任务型阅读
KEY→P15
范畴:人与社会 主题:语言文化 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:6分钟 评价:/5
Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself. But many of the expressions using “water” have unpleasant meanings.
The expression “to be in hot water” is one of them. It was used over five hundred years ago to mean being in trouble. A person who breaks a law can be in hot water with the police. A young boy can be in hot water with his mother if he walks into the house with dirty shoes.
“To be in deep water” is almost the same as “to be in hot water”. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult position. Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown into the water over his head.
“To keep your head above water” is a colourful expression that means staying out of debt. A company tries to keep its head above water during hard times. A man who loses his job tries to keep his head above water until he finds a new job.
Another common expression, “to hold water”, is about the strengths or weaknesses of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about. If your argument can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes. If it does not hold water, then it is weak and not worth having a discussion.
“To throw cold water” is also an expression that deals with ideas or suggestions. It means disliking an idea. For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems. But your wife throws cold water on the idea, because she says a new car costs too much.
“Water over the dam” is another expression about a past event. It refers to something that is finished. It cannot be changed. The expression comes from the idea that water that has flowed over a dam cannot be brought back again.
根据短文内容,回答下列问题。每题答案不超过7个词。
1. Which expression has almost the same meaning as “to be in hot water”?
2. How might you feel when you are “in deep water”?
3. What is “to hold water” about in the argument?
4. What does “to throw cold water” mean?
5. What do you learn from the passage?
KEY→P15
范畴:人与社会 主题:语言文化 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:6分钟 评价:/5
Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself. But many of the expressions using “water” have unpleasant meanings.
The expression “to be in hot water” is one of them. It was used over five hundred years ago to mean being in trouble. A person who breaks a law can be in hot water with the police. A young boy can be in hot water with his mother if he walks into the house with dirty shoes.
“To be in deep water” is almost the same as “to be in hot water”. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult position. Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown into the water over his head.
“To keep your head above water” is a colourful expression that means staying out of debt. A company tries to keep its head above water during hard times. A man who loses his job tries to keep his head above water until he finds a new job.
Another common expression, “to hold water”, is about the strengths or weaknesses of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about. If your argument can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes. If it does not hold water, then it is weak and not worth having a discussion.
“To throw cold water” is also an expression that deals with ideas or suggestions. It means disliking an idea. For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems. But your wife throws cold water on the idea, because she says a new car costs too much.
“Water over the dam” is another expression about a past event. It refers to something that is finished. It cannot be changed. The expression comes from the idea that water that has flowed over a dam cannot be brought back again.
根据短文内容,回答下列问题。每题答案不超过7个词。
1. Which expression has almost the same meaning as “to be in hot water”?
To be in deep water.
2. How might you feel when you are “in deep water”?
Upset./Sad./Worried.
3. What is “to hold water” about in the argument?
The strengths or weaknesses of an idea.
4. What does “to throw cold water” mean?
It means disliking an idea.
5. What do you learn from the passage?
There are so many expressions about water.
答案
本文介绍了几个用 water 来表达的日常用语。
1. To be in deep water. 由句子“‘To be in deep water' is almost the same as 'to be in hot water'. ”可知，to be in deep water 和 to be in hot water 意思几乎相同。
2. Upset. /Sad. /Worried. 由句子“Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown into the water over his head. ”可知，当你 in deep water 时，就像把一个不会游泳的人扔到没过头顶的水中。由此可推知可以用 upset/sad/worried 描述心情。
3. The strengths or weaknesses of an idea. 由“... 'to hold water', is about the strengths or weaknesses of an idea ...”可知，to hold water 是关于一个想法的优点或缺点。
4. It means disliking an idea. 由“‘To throw cold water' is also an expression that deals with ideas or suggestions. It means disliking an idea. ”可知，to throw cold water 意味着不喜欢一个想法。
5. There are so many expressions about water. (言之有理即可)
1. To be in deep water. 由句子“‘To be in deep water' is almost the same as 'to be in hot water'. ”可知，to be in deep water 和 to be in hot water 意思几乎相同。
2. Upset. /Sad. /Worried. 由句子“Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown into the water over his head. ”可知，当你 in deep water 时，就像把一个不会游泳的人扔到没过头顶的水中。由此可推知可以用 upset/sad/worried 描述心情。
3. The strengths or weaknesses of an idea. 由“... 'to hold water', is about the strengths or weaknesses of an idea ...”可知，to hold water 是关于一个想法的优点或缺点。
4. It means disliking an idea. 由“‘To throw cold water' is also an expression that deals with ideas or suggestions. It means disliking an idea. ”可知，to throw cold water 意味着不喜欢一个想法。
5. There are so many expressions about water. (言之有理即可)
解析
【分析】
本题为任务型阅读，解题思路为：先通读短文把握大意，再针对每个问题，带着关键词回原文定位对应语句，提取符合“答案不超过7个词”要求的内容，部分需结合语境合理推导（如第2题）。
【解析】
1. 定位到短文第三段第一句“‘To be in deep water' is almost the same as 'to be in hot water'.”，直接提取答案；
2. 第三段描述不会游泳的人被扔到没过头顶的水中，可知处于困境，可推导出符合的心情类词汇；
3. 定位到短文第五段第一句“... 'to hold water', is about the strengths or weaknesses of an idea ...”，提取对应内容；
4. 定位到短文第六段“It means disliking an idea.”，直接提取答案；
5. 短文主要介绍多个与water相关的英语表达，总结得出符合要求的答案（言之有理即可）。
【答案】
1. To be in deep water.
2. Upset. /Sad. /Worried.
3. The strengths or weaknesses of an idea.
4. It means disliking an idea.
5. There are so many expressions about water.
【知识点】
任务型阅读、英语阅读理解、词义辨析
【点评】
本题考查学生快速定位信息、提取关键内容的能力，需准确理解短文细节，答案需符合字数限制，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为任务型阅读，解题思路为：先通读短文把握大意，再针对每个问题，带着关键词回原文定位对应语句，提取符合“答案不超过7个词”要求的内容，部分需结合语境合理推导（如第2题）。
【解析】
1. 定位到短文第三段第一句“‘To be in deep water' is almost the same as 'to be in hot water'.”，直接提取答案；
2. 第三段描述不会游泳的人被扔到没过头顶的水中，可知处于困境，可推导出符合的心情类词汇；
3. 定位到短文第五段第一句“... 'to hold water', is about the strengths or weaknesses of an idea ...”，提取对应内容；
4. 定位到短文第六段“It means disliking an idea.”，直接提取答案；
5. 短文主要介绍多个与water相关的英语表达，总结得出符合要求的答案（言之有理即可）。
【答案】
1. To be in deep water.
2. Upset. /Sad. /Worried.
3. The strengths or weaknesses of an idea.
4. It means disliking an idea.
5. There are so many expressions about water.
【知识点】
任务型阅读、英语阅读理解、词义辨析
【点评】
本题考查学生快速定位信息、提取关键内容的能力，需准确理解短文细节，答案需符合字数限制，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
