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一、阅读理解
①Do you know that one third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? Do you know it takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it? Students from Beijing No. 8 Middle School know that and they learn to make kitchen waste into something useful.
②In October, students from Beijing No. 8 Middle School visited an exhibition(展览) centre that showed how to recycle kitchen waste.
③They saw how kitchen waste, such as fruit peels and leftovers(剩菜), could be turned into something useful. "First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush(压碎) it. After that, they take out the solid (固体的) part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner(土壤调理剂)," 13-year-old Lu Zichen said. He added that this conditioner can help improve the quality of the soil.
④The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer(液体肥料) from kitchen waste. This fertilizer helps plants grow. Qi Yiming, 13, even tried making it himself.
⑤"It's quite simple. First, you place the kitchen waste into a container(容器). Then you add microbial agents(微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer," Qi explained. "I am so glad to use the knowledge I learned to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is helpful in our daily life and it is a wonderful experience."
⑥Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning. "I hope students not only pay attention to the textbook but also go outside to put their knowledge into practice. It makes learning more interesting and useful," she said.
(
A. By asking questions.
B. By telling a story.
C. By comparing differences.
D. By giving examples.
(
a. Put the kitchen waste into a container.
b. Crush the kitchen waste.
c. Let it sit for a few days.
d. Add microbial agents.
e. Collect some kitchen waste.
A. e-c-d-a-b
B. e-d-c-b-a
C. e-a-b-c-d
D. e-b-a-d-c
(
A. To tell people how to throw away kitchen waste.
B. To show people that kitchen waste is really useless.
C. To ask the students in Beijing to learn how to make fertilizer.
D. To suggest kitchen waste could be reused to make fertilizer.
(
①Do you know that one third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? Do you know it takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it? Students from Beijing No. 8 Middle School know that and they learn to make kitchen waste into something useful.
②In October, students from Beijing No. 8 Middle School visited an exhibition(展览) centre that showed how to recycle kitchen waste.
③They saw how kitchen waste, such as fruit peels and leftovers(剩菜), could be turned into something useful. "First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush(压碎) it. After that, they take out the solid (固体的) part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner(土壤调理剂)," 13-year-old Lu Zichen said. He added that this conditioner can help improve the quality of the soil.
④The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer(液体肥料) from kitchen waste. This fertilizer helps plants grow. Qi Yiming, 13, even tried making it himself.
⑤"It's quite simple. First, you place the kitchen waste into a container(容器). Then you add microbial agents(微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer," Qi explained. "I am so glad to use the knowledge I learned to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is helpful in our daily life and it is a wonderful experience."
⑥Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning. "I hope students not only pay attention to the textbook but also go outside to put their knowledge into practice. It makes learning more interesting and useful," she said.
(
A
)1. How does the writer lead into his idea in Paragraph 1?A. By asking questions.
B. By telling a story.
C. By comparing differences.
D. By giving examples.
(
D
)2. What are the CORRECT order of the steps the students take to make liquid fertilizer from kitchen waste?a. Put the kitchen waste into a container.
b. Crush the kitchen waste.
c. Let it sit for a few days.
d. Add microbial agents.
e. Collect some kitchen waste.
A. e-c-d-a-b
B. e-d-c-b-a
C. e-a-b-c-d
D. e-b-a-d-c
(
D
)3. What's the purpose of writing the passage?A. To tell people how to throw away kitchen waste.
B. To show people that kitchen waste is really useless.
C. To ask the students in Beijing to learn how to make fertilizer.
D. To suggest kitchen waste could be reused to make fertilizer.
(
B
)4. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，通过北京八中学生参观展览、学习将厨房垃圾制成土壤调理剂和液体肥料的事例，说明厨房垃圾可再利用，强调实践学习的意义。
1. A 写作手法题。根据第一段“Do you know that one third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? Do you know it takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it?”可知，作者通过提出问题来引出他的观点，故选 A。
2. D 事件排序题。根据第三段“First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush it”和第五段“First, you place the kitchen waste into a container. Then you add microbial agents... let it sit for a few days”可知，制作液体肥料的正确步骤为：收集厨房垃圾(e)→压碎(b)→放入容器(a)→加微生物菌剂(d)→放置几天(c)，故选 D。
3. D 写作意图题。本文主要讲述了北京八中的学生参观展览中心，学习将厨余垃圾转化为有用的东西，如土壤调理剂和液体肥料，目的是建议厨余垃圾可以被重新利用来制作肥料，故选 D。
4. B 篇章结构题。根据文章内容，第一段提出“食物浪费与厨房废物利用”的话题；第二到五段具体讲述北京八中学生参观展览、学习厨房垃圾再利用，其中第二段承上启下，第三段介绍如何制作土壤调理剂，第四、五段介绍如何制作液体肥料；第六段通过老师的话总结实践学习的重要性，整体为“总—分—总”结构，故选 B。
1. A 写作手法题。根据第一段“Do you know that one third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? Do you know it takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it?”可知，作者通过提出问题来引出他的观点，故选 A。
2. D 事件排序题。根据第三段“First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush it”和第五段“First, you place the kitchen waste into a container. Then you add microbial agents... let it sit for a few days”可知，制作液体肥料的正确步骤为：收集厨房垃圾(e)→压碎(b)→放入容器(a)→加微生物菌剂(d)→放置几天(c)，故选 D。
3. D 写作意图题。本文主要讲述了北京八中的学生参观展览中心，学习将厨余垃圾转化为有用的东西，如土壤调理剂和液体肥料，目的是建议厨余垃圾可以被重新利用来制作肥料，故选 D。
4. B 篇章结构题。根据文章内容，第一段提出“食物浪费与厨房废物利用”的话题；第二到五段具体讲述北京八中学生参观展览、学习厨房垃圾再利用，其中第二段承上启下，第三段介绍如何制作土壤调理剂，第四、五段介绍如何制作液体肥料；第六段通过老师的话总结实践学习的重要性，整体为“总—分—总”结构，故选 B。
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：判断写作手法，需关注第一段的开篇形式，第一段以两个“Do you know...”的问句引出话题，因此要从提问的角度思考，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：事件排序题，需从文中提取制作液体肥料的步骤，先在第三段找到收集、压碎厨余垃圾的步骤，再在第五段找到放入容器、加微生物菌剂、放置几天的步骤，按先后顺序排列即可得出正确选项。
3. 第3题：写作意图题，要结合全文内容，文章通过北京八中学生学习厨余垃圾变废为宝的事例，核心是说明厨余垃圾可再利用制作肥料，以此判断作者的写作目的。
4. 第4题：篇章结构题，需梳理段落层次：第①段总起提出厨余浪费与利用的话题；②-⑤段分述学生参观学习厨余垃圾转化为土壤调理剂和液体肥料的过程；第⑥段总结实践学习的意义，属于“总-分-总”结构，对应选项B。
【解析】
1. 第1题：写作手法题。根据第①段中的“Do you know that one third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? Do you know it takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it?”可知，作者通过连续提出两个问题引出自己的观点，故选A。
2. 第2题：事件排序题。根据第③段“First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush(压碎) it”和第⑤段“First, you place the kitchen waste into a container(容器). Then you add microbial agents(微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer”可知，制作液体肥料的正确步骤为：收集厨房垃圾(e)→压碎厨余垃圾(b)→放入容器(a)→添加微生物菌剂(d)→放置几天(c)，对应选项D。
3. 第3题：写作意图题。本文围绕北京八中学生参观展览中心，学习将厨余垃圾转化为土壤调理剂和液体肥料展开，通过这个事例向读者说明厨余垃圾可以被重新利用制作有用的肥料，故选D。
4. 第4题：篇章结构题。文章第①段提出“食物浪费严重，厨余垃圾可被利用”的核心话题；第②-⑤段具体介绍学生参观学习厨余垃圾转化为有用物品的过程，其中②段引出参观活动，③段讲制作土壤调理剂，④⑤段讲制作液体肥料；第⑥段通过老师的话总结实践学习的重要性，整体为“总—分—总”结构，对应选项B。
【答案】
1. A；2. D；3. D；4. B
【知识点】
写作手法判断；细节信息排序；篇章结构分析
【点评】
本文结合学生实践活动，考查学生对写作手法、细节信息、写作意图及篇章结构的把握，既需要学生精准抓取文中细节，也需要学生具备整体理解篇章的能力，有助于提升学生的综合阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：判断写作手法，需关注第一段的开篇形式，第一段以两个“Do you know...”的问句引出话题，因此要从提问的角度思考，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：事件排序题，需从文中提取制作液体肥料的步骤，先在第三段找到收集、压碎厨余垃圾的步骤，再在第五段找到放入容器、加微生物菌剂、放置几天的步骤，按先后顺序排列即可得出正确选项。
3. 第3题：写作意图题，要结合全文内容，文章通过北京八中学生学习厨余垃圾变废为宝的事例，核心是说明厨余垃圾可再利用制作肥料，以此判断作者的写作目的。
4. 第4题：篇章结构题，需梳理段落层次：第①段总起提出厨余浪费与利用的话题；②-⑤段分述学生参观学习厨余垃圾转化为土壤调理剂和液体肥料的过程；第⑥段总结实践学习的意义，属于“总-分-总”结构，对应选项B。
【解析】
1. 第1题：写作手法题。根据第①段中的“Do you know that one third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? Do you know it takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it?”可知，作者通过连续提出两个问题引出自己的观点，故选A。
2. 第2题：事件排序题。根据第③段“First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush(压碎) it”和第⑤段“First, you place the kitchen waste into a container(容器). Then you add microbial agents(微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer”可知，制作液体肥料的正确步骤为：收集厨房垃圾(e)→压碎厨余垃圾(b)→放入容器(a)→添加微生物菌剂(d)→放置几天(c)，对应选项D。
3. 第3题：写作意图题。本文围绕北京八中学生参观展览中心，学习将厨余垃圾转化为土壤调理剂和液体肥料展开，通过这个事例向读者说明厨余垃圾可以被重新利用制作有用的肥料，故选D。
4. 第4题：篇章结构题。文章第①段提出“食物浪费严重，厨余垃圾可被利用”的核心话题；第②-⑤段具体介绍学生参观学习厨余垃圾转化为有用物品的过程，其中②段引出参观活动，③段讲制作土壤调理剂，④⑤段讲制作液体肥料；第⑥段通过老师的话总结实践学习的重要性，整体为“总—分—总”结构，对应选项B。
【答案】
1. A；2. D；3. D；4. B
【知识点】
写作手法判断；细节信息排序；篇章结构分析
【点评】
本文结合学生实践活动，考查学生对写作手法、细节信息、写作意图及篇章结构的把握，既需要学生精准抓取文中细节，也需要学生具备整体理解篇章的能力，有助于提升学生的综合阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
