一、根据汉语意思写单词。
1. Lily (钦佩)Liu Yang because she is China's first female astronaut.
2. Thanks to medical science, (疾病)can be cured more easily.
3. It's said that the 16th day of August in the lunar (日历)this year is the best time to watch the full moon.
4. The classical gardens of Suzhou have been a popular attraction for visitors for (世纪).
5. The famous (物理学家)arrived at the busy (机场)early yesterday morning.

1. admires 2. diseases 3. calendar 4. centuries 5. physicist; airport

【分析】
本题为根据汉语意思写英语单词的题型，解题思路为：先确定每个空格所需单词的词性，再结合句子的时态、单复数、固定搭配等语法规则，写出单词的正确形式。具体步骤：1. 判断句子时态（如一般现在时需注意第三人称单数变化）；2. 确定名词的单复数（泛指用复数，特定单数用单数，固定短语搭配）；3. 核对单词拼写是否正确。
【解析】
1. 句子主语Lily为第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，“钦佩”对应的动词是admire，其第三人称单数形式为admires。
2. “疾病”是可数名词，此处泛指各类疾病，需用复数形式diseases。
3. “日历”对应的英文名词是calendar，此处指农历，用单数形式即可。
4. “世纪”是可数名词，固定短语for centuries意为“几个世纪以来”，故用复数centuries。
5. “物理学家”对应名词physicist，“机场”对应名词airport，两个名词均用单数形式，符合语境。
【答案】
1. admires 2. diseases 3. calendar 4. centuries 5. physicist; airport
【知识点】
英语词汇运用，一般现在时，可数名词单复数
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇的拼写及形式变化，结合句子的语法规则和语境即可作答，属于英语学习的基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.3

二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. These local (history) made the old town's history sound interesting.
7. Three famous won the 2025 Nobel Prize in . (chemistry)
8. Curiosity can drive people to learn more and make more (discover).
9. These brave (pioneer) fought hard to protect the (wound) locals in cruel old wars.
10. When he shared his story, he (spread) joy and showed an (inspire) spirit.

6. historians 7. chemists; Chemistry 8. discoveries 9. pioneers; wounded 10. spread; inspiring

【分析】
本题为英语词形填空题，需结合句子结构、词性要求、时态及专有名词规则对括号内单词变形：第6题需用复数名词，第7题前半部分用复数名词、后半部分为专有名词，第8题需用复数名词，第9题前半部分用复数名词、后半部分用形容词，第10题前半部分用动词过去式、后半部分用形容词。
【解析】
6. 句意为“这些当地的历史学家让老城的历史听起来很有趣”，local修饰名词，these后接可数名词复数，history表示“历史学家”时需变为historian，复数为historians；
7. 句意为“三位著名化学家获2025年诺贝尔化学奖”，three后接复数名词，chemistry指“化学家”时变为chemist，复数为chemists；“诺贝尔化学奖”是专有名词，首字母大写为Chemistry；
8. 句意为“好奇心驱使人们学习更多并做出更多发现”，more后接名词，discover是动词，其名词形式为discovery，复数为discoveries；
9. 句意为“勇敢的先驱保护受伤的当地人”，these后接复数名词，pioneer复数为pioneers；修饰名词locals需用形容词，wound的形容词为wounded；
10. 句意为“他分享故事时传播快乐并展现鼓舞人心的精神”，由过去语境可知谓语用过去式，spread的过去式仍为spread；修饰名词spirit需用形容词，inspire的形容词为inspiring。
【答案】
6. historians 7. chemists; Chemistry 8. discoveries 9. pioneers; wounded 10. spread; inspiring
【知识点】
名词单复数、词性转换、动词时态
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词形变换，涵盖名词单复数、各类词性转换及动词时态等核心考点，是初中英语常规题型，需学生熟练掌握常见词的变形规则。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、阅读理解。
①Lu Yonggen, known as the “Commoner Academician”（布衣院士）, died of illness in Guangzhou on August 12th, 2019. The well-known rice genetics（水稻遗传学）scientist gave his all to science, from his life savings to his own body.
②Lu was born in Hong Kong, China. After graduating from South China Agricultural Academy (now South China Agricultural University), he became a teacher there. Thirty years later, Lu served as the president of the academy. He encouraged a large number of high-level students studying abroad to return and work in their motherland. Lu himself worked hard in the field of rice genetics and made great achievements in rice genetics research.
③Although Lu was famous and successful, he lived a simple life. The desks and chairs in his house were in poor condition. As a scientist, Lu cared about each grain（颗粒）of rice and always reminded students who wasted food of “how many rice plants will be needed to produce one bowl of rice”.
④Lu made donations to support education and to provide help for the poor every year. In 2017, he donated all his savings—worth about 8.8 million yuan to South China Agricultural University. When he was still alive, Lu promised to donate his own body to support medical research and education after death.
⑤Lu was honoured as one of the ten persons who moved China in 2017. In November 2019, he was awarded the title of “Role Model of the Times”.
() 11. What can we learn from Paragraph ②?
A. Lu was a teacher in a university.
B. Lu helped many students study abroad.
C. Lu served as a president for thirty years.
D. Lu worked hard in the field of rice genetics to make money.
() 12. The writer introduces Lu’s donations in Paragraph ④ to show his .
A. ability B. spirit C. wealth D. courage
() 13. What’s the RIGHT structure of the passage?
A. ①②/③④/⑤ B. ①/②③④/⑤ C. ①/②③④⑤ D. ①②③④/⑤
() 14. What is the best title of the passage?
A. A Meaningful Life B. A Famous University
C. A Valuable Suggestion D. A Medical Research

11. A 12. B 13. B 14. A

【分析】
本题为人物事迹类阅读理解，包含细节理解、意图推断、篇章结构分析、主旨归纳四类题型。解题思路：1. 第11题是细节题，需定位到第二段，匹配原文与选项信息；2. 第12题是意图推断题，需结合第四段捐赠行为分析作者意图；3. 第13题是篇章结构题，需梳理各段落核心内容划分结构；4. 第14题是主旨题，需总结全文核心内容确定标题。
【解析】
11. 定位Paragraph②，原文提到“After graduating from South China Agricultural Academy...he became a teacher there”，对应选项A。B选项原文是“encouraged a large number of high-level students studying abroad to return”，并非帮助学生留学；C选项是“Thirty years later, Lu served as the president”，并非当了三十年院长；D选项原文是“made great achievements in rice genetics research”，并非为了赚钱，故答案为A。
12. 第四段介绍卢永根捐赠积蓄、承诺捐遗体的行为，这些举动体现他的奉献精神，对应选项B（spirit）。A选项ability（能力）、C选项wealth（财富）、D选项courage（勇气）均不符合段落意图，故答案为B。
13. 梳理段落核心：①段介绍卢永根去世及身份；②段讲他的生平与科研成就；③段讲他生活简朴；④段讲他的捐赠行为；⑤段讲他获得的荣誉。因此结构为①/②③④/⑤，对应选项B，故答案为B。
14. 全文围绕卢永根院士的事迹展开，展现他奉献、简朴的一生，核心是“有意义的人生”，对应选项A。B选项“著名大学”、C选项“有价值的建议”、D选项“医学研究”均偏离主旨，故答案为A。
【答案】
11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、阅读理解主旨大意、阅读理解篇章结构
【点评】
本文是关于“布衣院士”卢永根的人物事迹类阅读，题型覆盖英语阅读核心考点，难度适中，考查学生快速定位信息、理解文章逻辑与主旨的能力，适合初中或高中低年级学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6