2025年课时提优计划作业本八年级数学上册苏科版第157页答案
9. 定义:如图1,点M、N把线段AB分割成AM、MN、BN三段,若以AM、MN、BN为边组成的三角形是一个直角三角形,则称M、N是线段AB的勾股分割点.
(1)已知M、N是线段AB的勾股分割点,$MN>AM$,$MN>BN$.若$AM=12$,$MN=13$,则$BN=\_\_\_\_\_\_$.
(2)如图,在等腰直角三角形ABC中,$AC=BC$,$∠ ACB=90°$,M、N为直线AB上两点,满足$∠ MCN=45°$.
①点M、N在线段AB上,求证:M、N是线段AB的勾股分割点;
②如图3,若点M在线段AB上,点N在线段AB的延长线上,$AM=6$,$BN=8$,则$BM=\_\_\_\_\_\_$.

答案


5
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; (2)①证明:∵​$AC = BC$​,​$∠ACB = 90°$​,∴​$∠BAC = ∠B = 45°$​.如图 1,将​$△BCN$​绕点​$C$​逆时针旋转​$90°$​得到​$△ACP$​,连接​$MP$​,
则​$CP = CN$​,​$∠CAP = ∠B = 45°$​,​$AP = BN$​,∴​$∠MAP = ∠BAC + ∠CAP = 45°+ 45°= 90°$​.∵​$∠MCN = 45°$​,​$∠NCP = 90°$​,∴​$∠MCP = ∠MCN = 45°$​.∵​$CM = CM$​,​$CP = CN$​,∴​$△PCM≌△NCM(\mathrm {SAS})$​,∴​$PM = MN$​.∵​$∠MAP = 90°$​,∴​$AP^2+ AM^2= PM^2$​,∴​$BN^2+ AM^2= MN^2$​,∴​$M$​、​$N$​是线段​$AB$​的勾股分割点.
10. 如图,一次函数的图象与$x$轴正半轴交于点$A$,与$y$轴正半轴交于点$B$,点$D$在$x$轴上.将直线$AB$沿直线$BD$翻折,使得点$A$的对应点$C$落在$y$轴上.已知点$B$的坐标为$(0,6)$,$BC=10$.
(1)若点$C$在$y$轴负半轴上,求直线$BD$的函数表达式.
(2)直线$BD$上是否存在点$F$(异于点$D$),使得$S_{△ ABD}=S_{△ ABF}$?若存在,直接写出点$F$的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.

答案


解: (1) 如图1,连接$AC$、$CD。$$\because$点$B(0,6),$$BC = 10,$$\therefore$点$C(0,-4),$$\therefore OB = 6,$$OC = 4。$$\because$直线$AB$沿直线$BD$翻折,$\therefore BD$垂直平分$AC,$$AB = BC = 10,$$CD = AD。$$\because\angle AOB = 90^{\circ},$$\therefore OA=\sqrt{AB^{2}-OB^{2}}=\sqrt{10^{2}-6^{2}} = 8。$设$OD = x,$则$CD = AD = 8 - x。$$\because\angle COD = 90^{\circ},$$\therefore x^{2}+4^{2}=(8 - x)^{2},$解得$x = 3,$$\therefore OD = 3,$$\therefore$点$D(3,0)。$设直线$BD$的函数表达式为$y = kx + b,$把点$B(0,6)$、$D(3,0)$的坐标代入,得$\begin{cases}3k + b = 0\\b = 6\end{cases},$解得$\begin{cases}k = -2\\b = 6\end{cases},$
$\therefore$直线$BD$的函数表达式为$y = -2x + 6。$
(2) 存在。如图2,当$C$在$y$轴负半轴上,点$F$与点$D$关于点$B$对称时,$BF = BD,$$\therefore S_{\triangle ABD}=S_{\triangle ABF},$$\because$点$F$在直线$BD$上,$\therefore$可设点$F(n,-2n + 6),$$\because BD = 3\sqrt{5},$$\therefore BF = 3\sqrt{5}=\sqrt{n^{2}+(-2n)^{2}},$$\therefore n=\pm3,$$\therefore$点$F$的坐标为$(3,0)$(舍去)或$(-3,12);$如图3,当点$C$在$y$轴正半轴上时,$\because B(0,6),$$BC = 10,$$\therefore$点$C(0,16),$$\therefore OC = 16,$$OB = 6,$由对称性可知,$AB = BC = 10,$$\therefore OA = 8,$$\therefore$点$A(8,0),$设点$D(y,0),$$\because CD = AD,$$\therefore y^{2}+16^{2}=(8 - y)^{2},$解得$y = -12,$$\therefore$点$D$的坐标为$(-12,0),$$\because S_{\triangle ABD}=S_{\triangle ABF},$$\therefore$点$D$与点$F$关于点$B$对称,$\therefore$点$F$的坐标为$(12,12)。$综上所述,点$F$的坐标为$(-3,12)$或$(12,12)。$