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Ⅳ. 阅读短文，选择最佳选项。
China's Tiangong Space Station can help scientists study space. It is also a place for astronauts to live and work. How much do you know about the lives of astronauts working in the space station?
For astronauts in space, exercise is important. The environment is very different in space. Doing sport helps astronauts stay healthy. How do they exercise? There are good exercise machines in the space station. They make it easy for astronauts to keep healthy.
There is no gravity（重力）, so astronauts can't take showers like we do on Earth. Is there a bathroom in the space station? How do they keep themselves clean? Don't worry! Tiangong has a special bathroom. Astronauts can clean themselves with a wet towel.
What do astronauts eat in the space station? There is bread and porridge for breakfast. There are also delicious Chinese dishes, like gongbao chicken, fried rice and fried noodles. There is a special "fridge" to store food. The food stays cool in it.
What if astronauts miss their family? There is special communication equipment in the space station. The astronauts often wear a headset which has private（私人的）"sky-to-earth" calls with their family. It helps them talk with each other, and makes it easy for them to talk to Earth from any place.
1. How do astronauts keep healthy in space? （
A. By keeping a good feeling.
B. By walking around in space.
C. By cooking healthy food themselves.
D. By doing sport in the space station.
2. We can infer that according to the text. （
A. astronauts can take a shower like we do
B. astronauts can eat delicious Chinese dishes
C. astronauts can clean themselves with a dry towel
D. astronauts can use their own phone to call their family
3. What does the underlined word "It" refer to? （
A. A headset.
B. A machine.
C. A special fridge.
D. A private call.
4. What is the text mainly about? （
A. Is it difficult to live in space?
B. What are astronauts' jobs in space?
C. What is the life like in the space station?
D. How do astronauts take exercise in space?
China's Tiangong Space Station can help scientists study space. It is also a place for astronauts to live and work. How much do you know about the lives of astronauts working in the space station?
For astronauts in space, exercise is important. The environment is very different in space. Doing sport helps astronauts stay healthy. How do they exercise? There are good exercise machines in the space station. They make it easy for astronauts to keep healthy.
There is no gravity（重力）, so astronauts can't take showers like we do on Earth. Is there a bathroom in the space station? How do they keep themselves clean? Don't worry! Tiangong has a special bathroom. Astronauts can clean themselves with a wet towel.
What do astronauts eat in the space station? There is bread and porridge for breakfast. There are also delicious Chinese dishes, like gongbao chicken, fried rice and fried noodles. There is a special "fridge" to store food. The food stays cool in it.
What if astronauts miss their family? There is special communication equipment in the space station. The astronauts often wear a headset which has private（私人的）"sky-to-earth" calls with their family. It helps them talk with each other, and makes it easy for them to talk to Earth from any place.
1. How do astronauts keep healthy in space? （
D
）A. By keeping a good feeling.
B. By walking around in space.
C. By cooking healthy food themselves.
D. By doing sport in the space station.
2. We can infer that according to the text. （
B
）A. astronauts can take a shower like we do
B. astronauts can eat delicious Chinese dishes
C. astronauts can clean themselves with a dry towel
D. astronauts can use their own phone to call their family
3. What does the underlined word "It" refer to? （
A
）A. A headset.
B. A machine.
C. A special fridge.
D. A private call.
4. What is the text mainly about? （
C
）A. Is it difficult to live in space?
B. What are astronauts' jobs in space?
C. What is the life like in the space station?
D. How do astronauts take exercise in space?
答案
1－4 DBAC
解析
【分析】：先通读短文，明确短文围绕中国天宫空间站宇航员的生活展开，涵盖锻炼、清洁、饮食、通讯等内容。针对每道题，需定位原文关键信息：第1题查找保持健康的方式，对应第二段；第2题是推理题，需逐一核对选项与原文细节；第3题代词指代需找前文提及的对应名词；第4题主旨题需归纳全文核心内容。
【解析】：1. 细节理解题：根据短文第二段“Doing sport helps astronauts stay healthy... There are good exercise machines in the space station”，可知宇航员通过在空间站做运动保持健康，故选D。2. 推理判断题：A选项与第三段“so astronauts can't take showers like we do on Earth”矛盾；B选项对应第四段“there are also delicious Chinese dishes, like gongbao chicken...”，正确；C选项第三段是“wet towel”而非dry towel，错误；D选项是专用通讯设备而非自己的手机，错误，故选B。3. 代词指代题：前文提到“wear a headset which has private 'sky-to-earth' calls”，故“It”指代headset，选A。4. 主旨大意题：全文介绍了天宫空间站宇航员的锻炼、清洁、饮食、通讯等生活内容，核心是空间站的生活，故选C。
【答案】DBAC
【知识点】：英语阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】：本题为英语阅读理解题，考查学生对短文细节的定位、推理、代词指代及主旨归纳能力，需学生仔细阅读原文，准确匹配选项与原文信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】：1. 细节理解题：根据短文第二段“Doing sport helps astronauts stay healthy... There are good exercise machines in the space station”，可知宇航员通过在空间站做运动保持健康，故选D。2. 推理判断题：A选项与第三段“so astronauts can't take showers like we do on Earth”矛盾；B选项对应第四段“there are also delicious Chinese dishes, like gongbao chicken...”，正确；C选项第三段是“wet towel”而非dry towel，错误；D选项是专用通讯设备而非自己的手机，错误，故选B。3. 代词指代题：前文提到“wear a headset which has private 'sky-to-earth' calls”，故“It”指代headset，选A。4. 主旨大意题：全文介绍了天宫空间站宇航员的锻炼、清洁、饮食、通讯等生活内容，核心是空间站的生活，故选C。
【答案】DBAC
【知识点】：英语阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】：本题为英语阅读理解题，考查学生对短文细节的定位、推理、代词指代及主旨归纳能力，需学生仔细阅读原文，准确匹配选项与原文信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
