Ⅰ. 根据句意，从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空，其中有两项多余。
port ease capital manage benefit business convenient
1. There are many important in Shanghai, which connect our country to the world.
2. It is a great for local Kenyans to travel between Mombasa and Nairobi with the new railway.
3. The railway has many local people, helping them become richer and live a better life.
4. After taking the medicine, the pain quickly.
5. The of the supermarket said the railway made food transport much easier.

1. ports
2. convenience
3. benefited
4. eased
5. manager

【分析】
首先明确方框内单词的词性与词义：port（名词，港口）、ease（动词/名词，减轻/安逸）、capital（名词，首都/资本）、manage（动词，管理）、benefit（动词/名词，受益/益处）、business（名词，商业/生意）。接着逐句分析句子结构与所需词性，结合句意选择合适单词并调整形式：第1题many后需可数名词复数，选port变复数；第2题a great后需名词，选convenient的名词形式；第3题has后需动词过去分词，选benefit变过去分词；第4题描述过去动作，需动词过去式，选ease变过去式；第5题the后需名词，选manage的名词形式。
【解析】
1. 空格前有many（许多），后接可数名词复数，port意为“港口”，符合“上海有许多重要港口连接世界”的句意，故填ports。
2. a great后需接名词，convenient的名词形式为convenience，意为“便利”，符合“新铁路让肯尼亚人旅行便利”的句意，故填convenience。
3. 句子用现在完成时（has + 过去分词），benefit意为“受益”，其过去分词为benefited，符合“铁路让当地人受益”的句意，故填benefited。
4. 描述吃药后疼痛减轻的过去动作，用一般过去时，ease意为“减轻”，其过去式为eased，故填eased。
5. the后需接名词，manage的名词形式manager意为“经理”，符合“超市经理说铁路让运输容易”的句意，故填manager。
【答案】
1. ports 2. convenience 3. benefited 4. eased 5. manager
【知识点】
名词形式变化、动词时态变化、词义辨析
【点评】
本题为选词填空基础题型，考查单词的词性转换、时态变化及词义理解，需结合句子结构和句意调整单词形式，是初中英语常见考点。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅱ. 用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The new railway (cut) the travel time between the two cities to about four hours.
2. Many changes (take) place in the town since the new railway was built.
3. The old railway line (build) in 1901, and it was very slow.
4. The government worker was very happy with the new railway (build) by Chinese friends.
5. The two kids are enjoying the (fresh) baked cookies.

1. cuts / has cut
2. have taken
3. was built
4. built
5. freshly

【分析】
做此类用所给词适当形式填空的题目，需按以下思路思考：1. 先判断句子的时间标志，确定时态；2. 分析主语与所给动词的主被动关系，确定语态；3. 若需修饰名词/形容词，判断所需词性，进行词形转换。具体到各题：
1. 主语为单数名词The new railway，结合语境可判断时态（客观事实或对现在的影响）；
2. 出现时间标志词since，需对应主句时态规则；
3. 时间状语表过去，需结合主被动关系确定语态；
4. 需用非谓语动词作定语，分析主被动关系确定形式；
5. 需修饰形容词，判断所需词性并转换。
【解析】
1. 主语The new railway为第三人称单数，句子可表客观事实用一般现在时，或强调对现在的影响用现在完成时，故填cuts/has cut；
2. 由since引导的时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时），主句需用现在完成时，主语Many changes是复数，故填have taken；
3. 时间状语in 1901表过去，主语The old railway line与动词build是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填was built；
4. 此处需用非谓语动词作定语修饰the new railway，railway与build是被动关系，故用过去分词built；
5. 需用副词修饰形容词baked，fresh的副词形式为freshly，故填freshly。
【答案】
1. cuts / has cut
2. have taken
3. was built
4. built
5. freshly
【知识点】
一般现在时与现在完成时、被动语态、词性转换
【点评】
本题考查初中英语核心语法点，包括动词时态、语态及词性转换，题型基础，适合巩固语法知识，需掌握相关规则即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.5

Ⅲ. 阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使其通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。
they grow weak relax simple become offer
many meet child recent manage
Shared vegetable gardens are becoming popular in Chinese cities.
Hao Haipeng, a bank 1. , has a new hobby. Every weekend, he puts on a sun
hat and goes to Taiyuan Botanical Garden in Shanxi with his family 2. vegetables on the rented（租用的）land. “I’d never done it before, but growing vegetables makes me feel peaceful. Though it’s tiring, I’m very happy and 3. ,” he said.
Since 2022, renting land to grow vegetables 4. ______ a hit among city people in China. This year, 2,800 square metres of land in the garden was rented out in just one week. People can rent from 10 to 50 square metres. Workers there 5. ______ seeds（种子）of easy-to-grow vegetables like cabbages and tomatoes. The workers also teach beginners how to plant and take care of 6. ______ .
On Douyin, the topic “Shared Vegetable Gardens” has been watched 7. than 19.5 million times. Wu Lincong, who used to work at Zhejiang University, now runs a shared vegetable garden. His first 5 mu of land was rented out in just a week, and now about 300 people share his land.
Growing vegetables 8. the needs of different people. Old people get to recall their farming days, middle-aged people cut down work stress, and 9. learn about nature. What’s more, some villages, like Qunli Village in Guangxi, use shared vegetable gardens to make more money.
As Hao said, “It’s not 10. a hobby—it’s a new way we treat our life and get along with nature.”

1. manager
2. to grow
3. relaxed
4. has become
5. offer
6. them
7. more
8. meets
9. children
10. simply

【分析】
本题为语境型词汇填空，需结合上下文语境、语法规则（词性、时态、非谓语等），从方框所给词中选择并调整为正确形式。解题时先通读全文把握大意，再逐个分析每个空格的句子成分、所需词性/形式，结合语境匹配方框词汇，注意时态标志、主谓一致、非谓语用法等细节，同时排除多余词汇。
【解析】
1. 空格前有不定冠词a，需填名词，结合语境“银行经理”，将动词manage转换为名词manager。
2. 此处表目的，用动词不定式to grow，构成“go to + 地点 + to do sth”结构，意为去某地做某事（种蔬菜）。
3. 空格处与形容词happy并列作表语，形容人的感受，将动词relax转换为形容词relaxed。
4. 时间状语Since 2022是现在完成时的标志，主语为动名词短语renting land to grow vegetables（视为单数），故用has become。
5. 主语workers为复数，一般现在时谓语用原形，结合语境“提供种子”，填offer。
6. 空格处作take care of的宾语，指代前文的vegetables，用宾格代词them。
7. 由than可知需用比较级，many的比较级为more，more than意为“超过”，符合语境。
8. 主语Growing vegetables为单数，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数形式，meet的三单形式为meets，meet the needs意为“满足需求”。
9. 与old people、middle-aged people并列指一类人，需用child的复数形式children。
10. 此处修饰整个句子，需用副词，simple的副词形式为simply，意为“仅仅”，符合语境。
【答案】
1. manager 2. to grow 3. relaxed 4. has become 5. offer 6. them 7. more 8. meets 9. children 10. simply
【知识点】
词性转换、动词时态、非谓语动词
【点评】
本题考查学生对基础词汇的词性变化、语法规则（时态、非谓语、代词、比较级等）的综合运用能力，需结合上下文语境分析每个空格的需求，是初中英语常见题型，注重基础知识点的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.6