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四、短文填空
阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给的单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1,000 years in China. There are different 30.
invention competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, the one who comes up 32.
The next morning, when Lu Ban talked about his achievements proudly, his sister held something unusual in her hand. It could be 36.
Later, people began to use paper for the umbrella, which was 39.
阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给的单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1,000 years in China. There are different 30.
stories
(story) about the invention of the umbrella in China. The most popular one has something to do with Lu Ban. It's said 31. that
he and his sister once visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly when they were enjoying themselves. His sister said, "How can we visit the West Lake on rainy days without getting wet? We need to invent a tool (工具) to keep out the rain. Let's have aninvention competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, the one who comes up 32.
with
a good idea will be the winner. " Lu Ban thought it was easy. He collected some tools and 33. materials
(material). Then he spent the whole night 34. building
(build) pavilions (亭子) around the lake. He was quite proud 35. of
his work.The next morning, when Lu Ban talked about his achievements proudly, his sister held something unusual in her hand. It could be 36.
opened
(open) into a round shape. Lu Ban was surprised. He found that the object, made of silk and bamboo, could be opened and closed 37. easily
(easy). It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said, "You win. Your invention can protect us from rain while walking in the rain." So the umbrella was 38. invented
(invent).Later, people began to use paper for the umbrella, which was 39.
cheaper
(cheap) than silk. To make the umbrella water-proof (防水的), people brushed a kind of oil on the surface. So the oil-paper umbrella appeared.答案
30. stories 31. that 32. with
33. materials 34. building 35. of
36. opened 37. easily 38. invented
39. cheaper
33. materials 34. building 35. of
36. opened 37. easily 38. invented
39. cheaper
解析
【分析】
本题为短文填空，需结合语境、语法规则及固定搭配完成填词：
1. 第30空：different后接可数名词复数，story的复数形式为stories，符合“不同的故事”的语境；
2. 第31空：固定句型It's said that...（据说……），that引导主语从句，为固定用法；
3. 第32空：固定搭配come up with（想出），符合“想出好主意”的语境；
4. 第33空：material为可数名词，some后接可数名词复数，故用materials；
5. 第34空：固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth（花费时间做某事），故build用动名词building；
6. 第35空：固定搭配be proud of（为……骄傲），为固定介词搭配；
7. 第36空：此处为被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，open的过去分词为opened；
8. 第37空：此处修饰动词短语，需用副词，easy的副词形式为easily；
9. 第38空：此处为被动语态，invent的过去分词为invented；
10. 第39空：句中出现than，需用形容词比较级，cheap的比较级为cheaper。
【解析】
根据上述分析，各空填词依据如下：
30. 名词复数：different修饰可数名词复数，story变复数为stories；
31. 固定句型：It's said that...为固定句型，填that；
32. 固定搭配：come up with为固定搭配，填with；
33. 名词复数：some后接可数名词复数，material变复数为materials；
34. 非谓语动词：spend time doing sth结构，build变动名词building；
35. 介词搭配：be proud of为固定搭配，填of；
36. 被动语态：be+过去分词，open的过去分词为opened；
37. 副词用法：修饰动词用副词，easy变副词easily；
38. 被动语态：be+过去分词，invent的过去分词为invented；
39. 形容词比较级：than提示用比较级，cheap变比较级cheaper。
【答案】
30. stories 31. that 32. with 33. materials 34. building 35. of 36. opened 37. easily 38. invented 39. cheaper
【知识点】
名词复数变化、固定搭配、被动语态
【点评】
本题考查短文语境下的词汇运用，涵盖名词、介词、动词形式、形容词比较级等基础语法知识点，需结合固定搭配和语法规则解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为短文填空，需结合语境、语法规则及固定搭配完成填词：
1. 第30空：different后接可数名词复数，story的复数形式为stories，符合“不同的故事”的语境；
2. 第31空：固定句型It's said that...（据说……），that引导主语从句，为固定用法；
3. 第32空：固定搭配come up with（想出），符合“想出好主意”的语境；
4. 第33空：material为可数名词，some后接可数名词复数，故用materials；
5. 第34空：固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth（花费时间做某事），故build用动名词building；
6. 第35空：固定搭配be proud of（为……骄傲），为固定介词搭配；
7. 第36空：此处为被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，open的过去分词为opened；
8. 第37空：此处修饰动词短语，需用副词，easy的副词形式为easily；
9. 第38空：此处为被动语态，invent的过去分词为invented；
10. 第39空：句中出现than，需用形容词比较级，cheap的比较级为cheaper。
【解析】
根据上述分析，各空填词依据如下：
30. 名词复数：different修饰可数名词复数，story变复数为stories；
31. 固定句型：It's said that...为固定句型，填that；
32. 固定搭配：come up with为固定搭配，填with；
33. 名词复数：some后接可数名词复数，material变复数为materials；
34. 非谓语动词：spend time doing sth结构，build变动名词building；
35. 介词搭配：be proud of为固定搭配，填of；
36. 被动语态：be+过去分词，open的过去分词为opened；
37. 副词用法：修饰动词用副词，easy变副词easily；
38. 被动语态：be+过去分词，invent的过去分词为invented；
39. 形容词比较级：than提示用比较级，cheap变比较级cheaper。
【答案】
30. stories 31. that 32. with 33. materials 34. building 35. of 36. opened 37. easily 38. invented 39. cheaper
【知识点】
名词复数变化、固定搭配、被动语态
【点评】
本题考查短文语境下的词汇运用，涵盖名词、介词、动词形式、形容词比较级等基础语法知识点，需结合固定搭配和语法规则解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
一、完形填空
从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Gabriel Rochet wants to change the world in his own way. He is a young French technology lover, and the middle school student has made his own mobile phone Paxo.
The young Frenchman said that the cost of his phone is less than 30 euros (about 236 yuan). It is much 1 than today's smart phones. Unlike traditional phones, Paxo phones can be made by people who get components (组件) through the internet and follow online teaching videos.
Gabriel wanted to show 2 it was possible to make your own phone. It took Gabriel 3 three years to complete his DIY mobile phone project. Paxo phones are 4 of a small number of components. "Fewer components mean less carbon footprint (碳足迹) and less waste." The young inventor 5 that the smart phone industry is one of the most polluting industries. "I am shocked to see phone companies showing so little 6 about the environment."
Of course, Paxo phones can't do as much as most advanced phones. A Paxo phone includes a 2G network, a memory card, a processor (处理器), a battery and a screen. You can make phone 7 and send messages. There are now three apps: clock, GPS and calculator, as well as two games. "We will soon develop 4G networks," Gabriel said.
"I didn't know 8 at first, and I kept 9 myself 'Can I really do this?' " Gabriel said. Although his parents warned him all the time how hard the project would be, his interest drove him to 10.
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Gabriel Rochet wants to change the world in his own way. He is a young French technology lover, and the middle school student has made his own mobile phone Paxo.
The young Frenchman said that the cost of his phone is less than 30 euros (about 236 yuan). It is much 1 than today's smart phones. Unlike traditional phones, Paxo phones can be made by people who get components (组件) through the internet and follow online teaching videos.
Gabriel wanted to show 2 it was possible to make your own phone. It took Gabriel 3 three years to complete his DIY mobile phone project. Paxo phones are 4 of a small number of components. "Fewer components mean less carbon footprint (碳足迹) and less waste." The young inventor 5 that the smart phone industry is one of the most polluting industries. "I am shocked to see phone companies showing so little 6 about the environment."
Of course, Paxo phones can't do as much as most advanced phones. A Paxo phone includes a 2G network, a memory card, a processor (处理器), a battery and a screen. You can make phone 7 and send messages. There are now three apps: clock, GPS and calculator, as well as two games. "We will soon develop 4G networks," Gabriel said.
"I didn't know 8 at first, and I kept 9 myself 'Can I really do this?' " Gabriel said. Although his parents warned him all the time how hard the project would be, his interest drove him to 10.
(
B
)1. A. better B. cheaper C. higher D. lower(
A
)2. A. that B. what C. how D. which(
D
)3. A. hardly B. really C. mostly D. nearly(
B
)4. A. built B. made C. done D. taken(
A
)5. A. pointed out B. gave out C. took out D. put out(
D
)6. A. thought B. advice C. balance D. care(
A
)7. A. calls B. cards C. games D. videos(
C
)8. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing(
B
)9. A. telling B. asking C. answering D. saying(
D
)10. A. stress B. support C. teamwork D. success答案
1. B
2. A that引导宾语从句，无实际意义。此句从句“it was possible to make your own phone”不缺成分，用that引导。
3. D 4. B 5. A
6. D thought意为“想法”；advice意为“建议”；balance意为“平衡”；care意为“关心，在乎”。这里表示手机公司对环境关心很少。
7. A
8. C anything意为“任何事”，用于否定句和疑问句；nothing意为“没有什么”。此句为否定句，表达一开始什么都不知道，故选C。
9. B
10. D stress意为“压力”；support意为“支持”；teamwork意为“团队合作”；success意为“成功”，这里指他的兴趣驱使他走向成功。
2. A that引导宾语从句，无实际意义。此句从句“it was possible to make your own phone”不缺成分，用that引导。
3. D 4. B 5. A
6. D thought意为“想法”；advice意为“建议”；balance意为“平衡”；care意为“关心，在乎”。这里表示手机公司对环境关心很少。
7. A
8. C anything意为“任何事”，用于否定句和疑问句；nothing意为“没有什么”。此句为否定句，表达一开始什么都不知道，故选C。
9. B
10. D stress意为“压力”；support意为“支持”；teamwork意为“团队合作”；success意为“成功”，这里指他的兴趣驱使他走向成功。
解析
【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文讲述法国中学生Gabriel自制低成本手机Paxo的故事），再结合上下文语境、词义辨析、语法知识、固定搭配逐一分析每个空：
1. 第1题：前文提到手机成本不到30欧元，是与智能手机对比，需选表“更便宜”的词；
2. 第2题：分析宾语从句结构，从句不缺成分，需用无实际意义的引导词；
3. 第3题：结合语境，需选表“将近”的词描述耗时；
4. 第4题：考查固定搭配，需选表“由…组成”的结构；
5. 第5题：结合语境，需选表“指出”的动词短语；
6. 第6题：考查固定搭配，需选表“关心”的词；
7. 第7题：考查固定搭配，需选表“打电话”的短语；
8. 第8题：否定句中需选表“任何事”的不定代词；
9. 第9题：结合语境，需选表“问自己”的动词；
10. 第10题：结合语境，需选表“成功”的词。
【解析】
1. 选B。前文提到手机成本不到30欧元，与智能手机对比，cheaper（更便宜）符合语境；better（更好）、higher（更高，指价格）、lower（更低，侧重价格本身，此处指性价比）均不符合。
2. 选A。此处为宾语从句，从句“it was possible to make your own phone”结构完整，不缺成分，用无实际意义的that引导；what/how/which需在从句中作成分，不符合。
3. 选D。nearly意为“将近”，符合“花了将近三年完成项目”的语境；hardly（几乎不）、really（真的）、mostly（主要地）均不符合。
4. 选B。be made of是固定搭配，意为“由…组成”，此处指Paxo手机由少量组件构成；built（建造）、done（做）、taken（拿）均无此搭配。
5. 选A。pointed out意为“指出”，符合年轻发明家指出智能手机行业污染严重的语境；gave out（分发）、took out（拿出）、put out（扑灭）均不符合。
6. 选D。care意为“关心”，care about是固定搭配，此处指手机公司对环境关心少；thought（想法）、advice（建议）、balance（平衡）均不符合语境。
7. 选A。make phone calls是固定搭配，意为“打电话”，符合手机功能描述；cards（卡片）、games（游戏）、videos（视频）均不符合。
8. 选C。anything用于否定句中表示“任何事”，符合“一开始什么都不知道”的语境；something（某事）用于肯定句，everything（一切）、nothing（没有事）均不符合。
9. 选B。ask oneself意为“问自己”，符合“我真的能做到吗”的语境；telling（告诉）、answering（回答）、saying（说）均不符合。
10. 选D。success意为“成功”，drive sb to success意为“驱使某人走向成功”，符合兴趣驱动他坚持完成项目的语境；stress（压力）、support（支持）、teamwork（团队合作）均不符合。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、词义辨析、宾语从句用法
【点评】
本文围绕中学生自制手机的故事展开，贴近学生生活，考察完形填空核心解题能力，涉及词义辨析、固定搭配、宾语从句等知识点，需结合上下文语境分析，整体难度适中，适合初中学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文讲述法国中学生Gabriel自制低成本手机Paxo的故事），再结合上下文语境、词义辨析、语法知识、固定搭配逐一分析每个空：
1. 第1题：前文提到手机成本不到30欧元，是与智能手机对比，需选表“更便宜”的词；
2. 第2题：分析宾语从句结构，从句不缺成分，需用无实际意义的引导词；
3. 第3题：结合语境，需选表“将近”的词描述耗时；
4. 第4题：考查固定搭配，需选表“由…组成”的结构；
5. 第5题：结合语境，需选表“指出”的动词短语；
6. 第6题：考查固定搭配，需选表“关心”的词；
7. 第7题：考查固定搭配，需选表“打电话”的短语；
8. 第8题：否定句中需选表“任何事”的不定代词；
9. 第9题：结合语境，需选表“问自己”的动词；
10. 第10题：结合语境，需选表“成功”的词。
【解析】
1. 选B。前文提到手机成本不到30欧元，与智能手机对比，cheaper（更便宜）符合语境；better（更好）、higher（更高，指价格）、lower（更低，侧重价格本身，此处指性价比）均不符合。
2. 选A。此处为宾语从句，从句“it was possible to make your own phone”结构完整，不缺成分，用无实际意义的that引导；what/how/which需在从句中作成分，不符合。
3. 选D。nearly意为“将近”，符合“花了将近三年完成项目”的语境；hardly（几乎不）、really（真的）、mostly（主要地）均不符合。
4. 选B。be made of是固定搭配，意为“由…组成”，此处指Paxo手机由少量组件构成；built（建造）、done（做）、taken（拿）均无此搭配。
5. 选A。pointed out意为“指出”，符合年轻发明家指出智能手机行业污染严重的语境；gave out（分发）、took out（拿出）、put out（扑灭）均不符合。
6. 选D。care意为“关心”，care about是固定搭配，此处指手机公司对环境关心少；thought（想法）、advice（建议）、balance（平衡）均不符合语境。
7. 选A。make phone calls是固定搭配，意为“打电话”，符合手机功能描述；cards（卡片）、games（游戏）、videos（视频）均不符合。
8. 选C。anything用于否定句中表示“任何事”，符合“一开始什么都不知道”的语境；something（某事）用于肯定句，everything（一切）、nothing（没有事）均不符合。
9. 选B。ask oneself意为“问自己”，符合“我真的能做到吗”的语境；telling（告诉）、answering（回答）、saying（说）均不符合。
10. 选D。success意为“成功”，drive sb to success意为“驱使某人走向成功”，符合兴趣驱动他坚持完成项目的语境；stress（压力）、support（支持）、teamwork（团队合作）均不符合。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、词义辨析、宾语从句用法
【点评】
本文围绕中学生自制手机的故事展开，贴近学生生活，考察完形填空核心解题能力，涉及词义辨析、固定搭配、宾语从句等知识点，需结合上下文语境分析，整体难度适中，适合初中学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
