二、阅读理解
第一节 根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Have you ever seen black and white lines on products? That is a barcode (条形码). It has a simple but interesting story.
In the 1940s, two friends, Norman Woodland and Bernard Silver, wanted to help stores. At that time, workers wrote down every product’s price by hand. This was slow and often wrong.
One day, Norman sat on the beach. He drew lines in the sand. He knew about Morse (摩尔斯) code. Morse code uses dots (点) and dashes (线) to send messages. He had an idea: thick and thin lines could also store information!
He and Bernard made the first barcode. It looked like a bull’s eye. It had circles, not straight lines. But it was too expensive to use.
Later, in the 1970s, lasers (激光) were invented. Lasers could read the lines easily.
The barcode became popular. The first product with a barcode was a pack of gum. It was sold in 1974 in the USA.
Now, barcodes are everywhere. They help stores know what products they have. They make shopping faster and easier. We see them in libraries, hospitals, and on park tickets.
This great idea started with lines in the sand. It changed how we buy and sell things all over the world.
()11. Why did Norman and Bernard want to create a barcode?
A. To make a new kind of code.
B. To make shopping more interesting.
C. To help stores with price-recording problems.
D. To show their drawing skills.
()12. What was the problem with the first barcode?
A. It was difficult to draw.
B. It was too expensive to use.
C. It couldn’t store much information.
D. It was hard to read.
()13. Why did the barcode become popular in the 1970s?
A. Because it was first used on a pack of gum.
B. Because it looked like a bull’s eye.
C. Because lasers could read the lines easily.
D. Because people liked the circles on it.
()14. What can we learn from the text?
A. Barcodes were first used in libraries.
B. Morse code uses thick and thin lines to send messages.
C. The barcode has a long history and has changed our lives.
D. Norman and Bernard made the barcode in the 1970s.
()15. What can be the best title for the text?
A. The History of Morse Code
B. The Invention of Lasers
C. The Story of Barcodes
D. The Importance of Shopping

11. C
12. B 由第四段开头可知，第一个条形码存在的问题是使用成本太高，故选B。
13. C 由第五段可知，20世纪70年代由于激光的发明，能够轻松读取条形码线条，所以条形码变得流行，选C。
14. C 15. C

【分析】
做这类阅读理解题时，需先通读全文把握文章主旨，再针对每道题的问题，回到原文定位相关语句，将选项与原文内容逐一对比，排除不符合的选项，选出最佳答案。比如第11题问发明条形码的原因，定位到第二段找相关描述；第12题问第一个条形码的问题，定位到第四段；第13题问70年代流行的原因，定位到第五段；第14题需逐一核对选项与原文细节；第15题需概括全文核心内容确定标题。
【解析】
11. 根据原文第二段“In the 1940s, two friends, Norman Woodland and Bernard Silver, wanted to help stores. At that time, workers wrote down every product’s price by hand. This was slow and often wrong.”可知，他们发明条形码是为解决商店手写价格慢且出错的问题，对应选项C，故选C。
12. 根据原文第四段最后一句“But it was too expensive to use.”可知，第一个条形码的问题是使用成本太高，对应选项B，故选B。
13. 根据原文第五段“Later, in the 1970s, lasers (激光) were invented. Lasers could read the lines easily. The barcode became popular.”可知，20世纪70年代条形码流行是因为激光能轻松读取其线条，对应选项C，故选C。
14. 逐一核对选项：A选项原文未提及条形码首次用于图书馆；B选项摩尔斯码用点和线而非粗细线；C选项符合原文对条形码历史及影响的描述；D选项条形码是20世纪40年代发明的，并非70年代，故选C。
15. 全文围绕条形码的发明历史、发展过程及作用展开，核心是讲述条形码的故事，对应选项C，故选C。
【答案】
11.C 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.C
【知识点】
细节理解题、主旨概括题
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，考查学生提取原文细节信息、理解文章主旨的能力，解题核心是“定位原文+对比选项”，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6