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训练1 体裁：说明文 主题：科学技术 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率：/4
(原创)Maybe you've seen this in a sci-fi film: several or even hundreds of bug-sized drones(无人机) working together. For years, scientists have tried to turn this scene into a reality.
However, there's a problem. These machines are too small to have enough processing power. The same problem also prevents other larger robots from navigating(导航) on their own. Researchers from the Delft University of Technology(TU Delft) in the Netherlands believe they have found a solution. It starts with the ant.
Ants, and insects in general, are able to go on long journeys to look for food. It seems that they know how to get back home. Desert ants in the Sahara, for example, can travel more than two kilometers away from their nests without getting lost.
How do they manage to do that? Researchers think ants may find their way home by using a "snapshot(快照) model". That is to say, they "take photos" of the environment around them with their brains. Later, when they are traveling, the insects try to match things around them with the pictures in their mind. It's a very effective way of finding directions.
TU Delft researchers wanted to see if they could make use of those discoveries from the insect world on a 56-gram flying drone. ①The drone was equipped with a tiny camera and a cheap processor. ②The researchers then created an indoor obstacle course. ③They also offered several snapshots for the drone to reference(参照). ④These pictures were placed as far away from each other as possible to lower the number of pictures the drone had to store. That way, the drone required less memory capacity(存储容量).
The drone moved from point to point through the course with the help of the snapshots. After that, it returned to its home base. In the end, the drone was able to successfully travel 100 meters around the course. And it used just 0.65 kilobytes of memory.
The snapshot experiments(实验) could one day help small drones find their way home by themselves. They may no longer need heavy, complex sensors or GPS. That simplicity could come in handy in places where GPS doesn't work. Self-navigating tiny drones could also get into small areas to help with search and rescue operations.
1. What does the underlined phrase "those discoveries" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
a. Ants use a "snapshot model" to discover food.
b. Ants can travel long and far without getting lost.
c. Ants navigate by "photographing" the environment and comparing it with what is around them.
d. Ants find directions by "taking snapshots" of their nests to match the environment around them.
A. ac B. ad C. bc D. bd
2. How did the 56-gram flying drone solve the problem mentioned in Paragraph 2? ＞＞ 细节推理题
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
3. According to the passage, complete the structure.
Paragraphs 1—2: Introduction
Paragraphs 3—4: 1
Paragraphs 5—6: 2
Paragraph 7: 3
A. Discoveries; Experiment; Purpose B. Discoveries; Explanation; Purpose
C. Inspiration; Experiment; Expectation D. Inspiration; Explanation; Expectation
4. Where can we read this passage? ＞＞ 文章出处题
A. A book review. B. A fashion website. C. A tourist guidebook. D. A science magazine.
(原创)Maybe you've seen this in a sci-fi film: several or even hundreds of bug-sized drones(无人机) working together. For years, scientists have tried to turn this scene into a reality.
However, there's a problem. These machines are too small to have enough processing power. The same problem also prevents other larger robots from navigating(导航) on their own. Researchers from the Delft University of Technology(TU Delft) in the Netherlands believe they have found a solution. It starts with the ant.
Ants, and insects in general, are able to go on long journeys to look for food. It seems that they know how to get back home. Desert ants in the Sahara, for example, can travel more than two kilometers away from their nests without getting lost.
How do they manage to do that? Researchers think ants may find their way home by using a "snapshot(快照) model". That is to say, they "take photos" of the environment around them with their brains. Later, when they are traveling, the insects try to match things around them with the pictures in their mind. It's a very effective way of finding directions.
TU Delft researchers wanted to see if they could make use of those discoveries from the insect world on a 56-gram flying drone. ①The drone was equipped with a tiny camera and a cheap processor. ②The researchers then created an indoor obstacle course. ③They also offered several snapshots for the drone to reference(参照). ④These pictures were placed as far away from each other as possible to lower the number of pictures the drone had to store. That way, the drone required less memory capacity(存储容量).
The drone moved from point to point through the course with the help of the snapshots. After that, it returned to its home base. In the end, the drone was able to successfully travel 100 meters around the course. And it used just 0.65 kilobytes of memory.
The snapshot experiments(实验) could one day help small drones find their way home by themselves. They may no longer need heavy, complex sensors or GPS. That simplicity could come in handy in places where GPS doesn't work. Self-navigating tiny drones could also get into small areas to help with search and rescue operations.
1. What does the underlined phrase "those discoveries" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
a. Ants use a "snapshot model" to discover food.
b. Ants can travel long and far without getting lost.
c. Ants navigate by "photographing" the environment and comparing it with what is around them.
d. Ants find directions by "taking snapshots" of their nests to match the environment around them.
A. ac B. ad C. bc D. bd
2. How did the 56-gram flying drone solve the problem mentioned in Paragraph 2? ＞＞ 细节推理题
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
3. According to the passage, complete the structure.
Paragraphs 1—2: Introduction
Paragraphs 3—4: 1
Paragraphs 5—6: 2
Paragraph 7: 3
A. Discoveries; Experiment; Purpose B. Discoveries; Explanation; Purpose
C. Inspiration; Experiment; Expectation D. Inspiration; Explanation; Expectation
4. Where can we read this passage? ＞＞ 文章出处题
A. A book review. B. A fashion website. C. A tourist guidebook. D. A science magazine.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰代尔夫特理工大学的研究人员从蚂蚁等昆虫的视觉导航能力获得启发，为无人机开发了自主导航策略。
1. C 名词指代题。根据第三段“Ants, and insects in general, are able to go on long journeys to look for food. It seems that they always know how to get back home.”和第四段“Researchers think ants may find their way home by using a ‘snapshot model’ ... It's a very effective way of finding directions.”可知研究人员从蚂蚁等昆虫上获得启发:蚂蚁等昆虫能长途跋涉寻找食物而不会迷路；蚂蚁会利用其视觉系统为周边环境拍“快照”，当到达“快照”位置附近，会将当前视觉感知与“快照”匹配，这使得昆虫能够导航。故选C。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第二段“However, there's a problem. These machines are too small to have enough processing power.”可知第二段提到的问题是微型无人机没有足够的处理能力；根据第五段“These pictures were placed as far away from each other as possible to lower the number of pictures the drone had to store. That way, the drone required less memory capacity.”可知研究人员将快照的间隔拉远以减少无人机必须存储的照片数量，从而减少快照占用的内存，以此来解决微型无人机处理能力不够的问题。故选D。
3. C 篇章结构题。结合文章内容可知，第一、二段介绍科幻电影中的无人机无法成为现实的原因以及荷兰代尔夫特理工大学的解决方案，引出本文的主题；第三、四段介绍研究人员从蚂蚁等昆虫的视觉导航能力获得的启发；第五、六段介绍研究人员通过实验为无人机开发了自主导航策略；第七段介绍无人机自主导航策略的发展前景。故选C。
4. D 推理判断题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了荷兰代尔夫特理工大学的研究人员从蚂蚁等昆虫的视觉导航能力获得启发，为无人机开发了自主导航策略，由此可知会在科学杂志上看到本文。故选D。
1. C 名词指代题。根据第三段“Ants, and insects in general, are able to go on long journeys to look for food. It seems that they always know how to get back home.”和第四段“Researchers think ants may find their way home by using a ‘snapshot model’ ... It's a very effective way of finding directions.”可知研究人员从蚂蚁等昆虫上获得启发:蚂蚁等昆虫能长途跋涉寻找食物而不会迷路；蚂蚁会利用其视觉系统为周边环境拍“快照”，当到达“快照”位置附近，会将当前视觉感知与“快照”匹配，这使得昆虫能够导航。故选C。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第二段“However, there's a problem. These machines are too small to have enough processing power.”可知第二段提到的问题是微型无人机没有足够的处理能力；根据第五段“These pictures were placed as far away from each other as possible to lower the number of pictures the drone had to store. That way, the drone required less memory capacity.”可知研究人员将快照的间隔拉远以减少无人机必须存储的照片数量，从而减少快照占用的内存，以此来解决微型无人机处理能力不够的问题。故选D。
3. C 篇章结构题。结合文章内容可知，第一、二段介绍科幻电影中的无人机无法成为现实的原因以及荷兰代尔夫特理工大学的解决方案，引出本文的主题；第三、四段介绍研究人员从蚂蚁等昆虫的视觉导航能力获得的启发；第五、六段介绍研究人员通过实验为无人机开发了自主导航策略；第七段介绍无人机自主导航策略的发展前景。故选C。
4. D 推理判断题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了荷兰代尔夫特理工大学的研究人员从蚂蚁等昆虫的视觉导航能力获得启发，为无人机开发了自主导航策略，由此可知会在科学杂志上看到本文。故选D。
