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四、IV. 分别用when和while连接下列句子，描述当自然灾害发生时人们正在做的事情。
1. My neighbor called. My family were having dinner ______ .
2. The strong wind started. We were driving home ______ .
3. The earthquake happened. They were sleeping ______ .
1. My neighbor called. My family were having dinner ______ .
2. The strong wind started. We were driving home ______ .
3. The earthquake happened. They were sleeping ______ .
答案
1. When my neighbor called, my family were having dinner./My neighbor called while my
family were having dinner.
2. When the strong wind started, we were driving home./The strong wind started while we
were driving home.
3. When the earthquake happened, they were sleeping./The earthquake happened while
they were sleeping.
family were having dinner.
2. When the strong wind started, we were driving home./The strong wind started while we
were driving home.
3. When the earthquake happened, they were sleeping./The earthquake happened while
they were sleeping.
解析
【分析】
首先明确when和while引导时间状语从句的用法：when既可以接短暂性动词（对应一般过去时），也可以接延续性动词；while通常接延续性动词（对应过去进行时）。本题中每个句子包含两个动作：一个是短暂发生的动作（用一般过去时），一个是正在进行的动作（用过去进行时）。解题时，先定位每个小题的两个动作，再分别用when（可置于句首或主句后）和while（置于主句后）连接，形成两种正确表达。
【解析】
1. 第一题中，短暂性动作是"My neighbor called"（一般过去时），延续性动作是"my family were having dinner"（过去进行时）。用when连接时，可写为"When my neighbor called, my family were having dinner"；用while连接时，可写为"My neighbor called while my family were having dinner"。
2. 第二题中，短暂性动作是"The strong wind started"（一般过去时），延续性动作是"we were driving home"（过去进行时）。用when连接时，可写为"When the strong wind started, we were driving home"；用while连接时，可写为"The strong wind started while we were driving home"。
3. 第三题中，短暂性动作是"The earthquake happened"（一般过去时），延续性动作是"they were sleeping"（过去进行时）。用when连接时，可写为"When the earthquake happened, they were sleeping"；用while连接时，可写为"The earthquake happened while they were sleeping"。
【答案】
1. When my neighbor called, my family were having dinner./My neighbor called while my family were having dinner.
2. When the strong wind started, we were driving home./The strong wind started while we were driving home.
3. When the earthquake happened, they were sleeping./The earthquake happened while they were sleeping.
【知识点】
时间状语从句、过去进行时、一般过去时
【点评】
本题考查初中英语中when与while引导时间状语从句的基础用法，结合过去时态的搭配，属于语法基础考点，要求学生掌握短暂性动词与延续性动词在时态中的区别，是巩固时态与从句知识的典型练习题。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先明确when和while引导时间状语从句的用法：when既可以接短暂性动词（对应一般过去时），也可以接延续性动词；while通常接延续性动词（对应过去进行时）。本题中每个句子包含两个动作：一个是短暂发生的动作（用一般过去时），一个是正在进行的动作（用过去进行时）。解题时，先定位每个小题的两个动作，再分别用when（可置于句首或主句后）和while（置于主句后）连接，形成两种正确表达。
【解析】
1. 第一题中，短暂性动作是"My neighbor called"（一般过去时），延续性动作是"my family were having dinner"（过去进行时）。用when连接时，可写为"When my neighbor called, my family were having dinner"；用while连接时，可写为"My neighbor called while my family were having dinner"。
2. 第二题中，短暂性动作是"The strong wind started"（一般过去时），延续性动作是"we were driving home"（过去进行时）。用when连接时，可写为"When the strong wind started, we were driving home"；用while连接时，可写为"The strong wind started while we were driving home"。
3. 第三题中，短暂性动作是"The earthquake happened"（一般过去时），延续性动作是"they were sleeping"（过去进行时）。用when连接时，可写为"When the earthquake happened, they were sleeping"；用while连接时，可写为"The earthquake happened while they were sleeping"。
【答案】
1. When my neighbor called, my family were having dinner./My neighbor called while my family were having dinner.
2. When the strong wind started, we were driving home./The strong wind started while we were driving home.
3. When the earthquake happened, they were sleeping./The earthquake happened while they were sleeping.
【知识点】
时间状语从句、过去进行时、一般过去时
【点评】
本题考查初中英语中when与while引导时间状语从句的基础用法，结合过去时态的搭配，属于语法基础考点，要求学生掌握短暂性动词与延续性动词在时态中的区别，是巩固时态与从句知识的典型练习题。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、V. 根据所给的汉语提示，仿照例句写句子。
☆描述自然灾害发生时天气的变化：
1. 例句：The thick black clouds were forming in the sky.
仿写：雨在敲击着屋顶 ______ 。
☆描述自然灾害发生时人们正在做的事情：
2. 例句：When the earthquake happened，I was having dinner.
仿写：当海啸袭击时，很多人正在沙滩上散步 ______ 。
3. 例句：While I was travelling on the bus，the rainstorm hit.
仿写：当我在图书馆看书时，台风到来了 ______ 。
☆描述自然灾害发生后人们所做的事情：
4. 例句：People started to rebuild their home.
仿写：人们开始清扫街道 ______ 。
☆描述自然灾害给人们带来的负面影响：
5. 例句：We almost got into an accident when a truck nearly hit us.
仿写：当我们到家时，我们发现到处都是水 ______ 。
6. 例句：The power outage took two days longer（to fix）.
仿写：行程延误了5个小时 ______ 。
☆描述自然灾害给人们带来的正面影响：
7. 例句：The earthquake broke our town，but it made our community stronger.
仿写：台风很可怕，却让我们的关系变得更亲密了 ______ 。
☆描述自然灾害发生时天气的变化：
1. 例句：The thick black clouds were forming in the sky.
仿写：雨在敲击着屋顶 ______ 。
☆描述自然灾害发生时人们正在做的事情：
2. 例句：When the earthquake happened，I was having dinner.
仿写：当海啸袭击时，很多人正在沙滩上散步 ______ 。
3. 例句：While I was travelling on the bus，the rainstorm hit.
仿写：当我在图书馆看书时，台风到来了 ______ 。
☆描述自然灾害发生后人们所做的事情：
4. 例句：People started to rebuild their home.
仿写：人们开始清扫街道 ______ 。
☆描述自然灾害给人们带来的负面影响：
5. 例句：We almost got into an accident when a truck nearly hit us.
仿写：当我们到家时，我们发现到处都是水 ______ 。
6. 例句：The power outage took two days longer（to fix）.
仿写：行程延误了5个小时 ______ 。
☆描述自然灾害给人们带来的正面影响：
7. 例句：The earthquake broke our town，but it made our community stronger.
仿写：台风很可怕，却让我们的关系变得更亲密了 ______ 。
答案
1. The rain was beating against the roof.
2. When the tsunami hit, many people were walking on the beach.
3. While I was reading in the library, the typhoon came.
4. People started to clean the streets.
5. We found water everywhere when we got home.
6. The journey took five hours longer.
7. The typhoon was scary, but it brought everyone closer together.
2. When the tsunami hit, many people were walking on the beach.
3. While I was reading in the library, the typhoon came.
4. People started to clean the streets.
5. We found water everywhere when we got home.
6. The journey took five hours longer.
7. The typhoon was scary, but it brought everyone closer together.
解析
【分析】
本题为英语仿写题，需先分析例句的时态、句式结构及固定搭配，再结合汉语提示完成句子：1. 例句用过去进行时描述过去正在发生的动作，需对应结构；2. 例句为“When+一般过去时从句+主句（过去进行时）”的时间状语从句结构；3. 例句为“While+过去进行时从句+主句（一般过去时）”的结构；4. 例句用“start to do sth”的固定搭配；5. 例句为“主语+谓语+宾语+when引导的时间状语从句”结构；6. 例句为“主语+took+时间+longer”的表达；7. 例句为转折句结构，需对应逻辑关系。
【解析】
1. 例句用过去进行时（was/were+doing），“敲击（屋顶）”用固定搭配beat against，主语the rain为单数，故仿写为：The rain was beating against the roof.
2. 遵循“When+一般过去时从句+主句（过去进行时）”结构，“袭击”用hit，“在沙滩散步”为walk on the beach，主语many people为复数，故仿写为：When the tsunami hit, many people were walking on the beach.
3. 遵循“While+过去进行时从句+主句（一般过去时）”结构，“在图书馆看书”为read in the library，“到来”用come的过去式came，故仿写为：While I was reading in the library, the typhoon came.
4. 遵循“start to do sth”结构，“清扫街道”为clean the streets，故仿写为：People started to clean the streets.
5. 遵循“主语+谓语+宾语+when引导的时间状语从句”结构，“发现到处都是水”为find water everywhere，“到家”用get home的过去式got home，故仿写为：We found water everywhere when we got home.
6. 遵循“主语+took+时间+longer”结构，“行程”用journey，故仿写为：The journey took five hours longer.
7. 遵循转折句结构，“可怕的”用scary，“让关系更亲密”为bring everyone closer together，故仿写为：The typhoon was scary, but it brought everyone closer together.
【答案】
1. The rain was beating against the roof.
2. When the tsunami hit, many people were walking on the beach.
3. While I was reading in the library, the typhoon came.
4. People started to clean the streets.
5. We found water everywhere when we got home.
6. The journey took five hours longer.
7. The typhoon was scary, but it brought everyone closer together.
【知识点】
过去进行时、时间状语从句、动词短语搭配
【点评】
本题考查英语基础句式仿写，核心是掌握例句的时态、结构及固定表达，需注意动词形式和主谓一致，适合巩固英语基础语法，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为英语仿写题，需先分析例句的时态、句式结构及固定搭配，再结合汉语提示完成句子：1. 例句用过去进行时描述过去正在发生的动作，需对应结构；2. 例句为“When+一般过去时从句+主句（过去进行时）”的时间状语从句结构；3. 例句为“While+过去进行时从句+主句（一般过去时）”的结构；4. 例句用“start to do sth”的固定搭配；5. 例句为“主语+谓语+宾语+when引导的时间状语从句”结构；6. 例句为“主语+took+时间+longer”的表达；7. 例句为转折句结构，需对应逻辑关系。
【解析】
1. 例句用过去进行时（was/were+doing），“敲击（屋顶）”用固定搭配beat against，主语the rain为单数，故仿写为：The rain was beating against the roof.
2. 遵循“When+一般过去时从句+主句（过去进行时）”结构，“袭击”用hit，“在沙滩散步”为walk on the beach，主语many people为复数，故仿写为：When the tsunami hit, many people were walking on the beach.
3. 遵循“While+过去进行时从句+主句（一般过去时）”结构，“在图书馆看书”为read in the library，“到来”用come的过去式came，故仿写为：While I was reading in the library, the typhoon came.
4. 遵循“start to do sth”结构，“清扫街道”为clean the streets，故仿写为：People started to clean the streets.
5. 遵循“主语+谓语+宾语+when引导的时间状语从句”结构，“发现到处都是水”为find water everywhere，“到家”用get home的过去式got home，故仿写为：We found water everywhere when we got home.
6. 遵循“主语+took+时间+longer”结构，“行程”用journey，故仿写为：The journey took five hours longer.
7. 遵循转折句结构，“可怕的”用scary，“让关系更亲密”为bring everyone closer together，故仿写为：The typhoon was scary, but it brought everyone closer together.
【答案】
1. The rain was beating against the roof.
2. When the tsunami hit, many people were walking on the beach.
3. While I was reading in the library, the typhoon came.
4. People started to clean the streets.
5. We found water everywhere when we got home.
6. The journey took five hours longer.
7. The typhoon was scary, but it brought everyone closer together.
【知识点】
过去进行时、时间状语从句、动词短语搭配
【点评】
本题考查英语基础句式仿写，核心是掌握例句的时态、结构及固定表达，需注意动词形式和主谓一致，适合巩固英语基础语法，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
