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C
Did you take part in any tree-planting activities on March 12 this year? Or maybe you went to check out the little tree you planted a few years ago? Standing beside it, you might have been amazed at how much it has changed. It’s really great to watch a tree grow year by year. Even the tallest ones of them grow from tiny seeds. Have you ever wondered how it happened?
A full-grown tree may drop hundreds or even thousands of seeds a year. Inside each seed is something called embryo (胚). Think of it as a small group of cells (细胞). These cells are ready to form roots, stems (茎), and first leaves.
Once the covering around the seed gets wet, the embryo cells, which have been patiently waiting, suddenly come to life. They start to grow and break out. This is called germination. First, the roots develop and push out and down into the soil. This makes sure the new plant can get water from the soil. Then the stem grows up and makes the first leaves. As these leaves produce “food” in the sunlight, the plant gets the energy to grow more new leaves.
Let’s imagine you drive a nail (钉子) into a tree at one metre above the ground. What will you see when you come back in ten years? The tree will be much taller, but the nail will still be only one metre above the ground. That’s because trees get taller by growing upwards from the top. At the same time, their trunk gets thicker by growing outwards. It is like the tree has two different ways of growing at the same time. The upward growth is like a race towards the sky, reaching for more sunlight, while the outward growth of the trunk is like adding more and more rings of protection and support.
As trees get older, they continue to grow taller and thicker. Guess how tall the world’s tallest living tree is? Over 110 metres! That’s as tall as a 30-floor building! Isn’t it amazing?
(
A. To explain why people put nails in trees.
B. To help readers understand how trees grow taller.
C. To show that nails don’t stop trees from growing.
D. To teach readers a way to record the growth of trees.
(
A. The metal ring will go into the soil.
B. The metal ring will be higher off the ground.
C. The metal ring will move up and down along the trunk.
D. The metal ring will stay at the same height but may embed (嵌入) in the tree.
(
(
① How do trees get water from the soil?
② Why does a nail in a tree trunk stay at the same height over time?
③ How many seeds does a full-grown tree drop in its lifetime?
④ How tall can the tallest trees in the world grow?
⑤ How long does a seed take to grow leaves?
A. ①③④
B. ①②③
C. ②④⑤
D. ①②④
(
A. Tell stories→List facts→Give a warning
B. Ask questions→Explain steps→Share a fact
C. List problems→Study reasons→Offer advice
D. Share experiences→Show examples→Introduce features
Did you take part in any tree-planting activities on March 12 this year? Or maybe you went to check out the little tree you planted a few years ago? Standing beside it, you might have been amazed at how much it has changed. It’s really great to watch a tree grow year by year. Even the tallest ones of them grow from tiny seeds. Have you ever wondered how it happened?
A full-grown tree may drop hundreds or even thousands of seeds a year. Inside each seed is something called embryo (胚). Think of it as a small group of cells (细胞). These cells are ready to form roots, stems (茎), and first leaves.
Once the covering around the seed gets wet, the embryo cells, which have been patiently waiting, suddenly come to life. They start to grow and break out. This is called germination. First, the roots develop and push out and down into the soil. This makes sure the new plant can get water from the soil. Then the stem grows up and makes the first leaves. As these leaves produce “food” in the sunlight, the plant gets the energy to grow more new leaves.
Let’s imagine you drive a nail (钉子) into a tree at one metre above the ground. What will you see when you come back in ten years? The tree will be much taller, but the nail will still be only one metre above the ground. That’s because trees get taller by growing upwards from the top. At the same time, their trunk gets thicker by growing outwards. It is like the tree has two different ways of growing at the same time. The upward growth is like a race towards the sky, reaching for more sunlight, while the outward growth of the trunk is like adding more and more rings of protection and support.
As trees get older, they continue to grow taller and thicker. Guess how tall the world’s tallest living tree is? Over 110 metres! That’s as tall as a 30-floor building! Isn’t it amazing?
(
B
) 26. Why does the writer use the example of driving a nail into a tree in Paragraph 4?A. To explain why people put nails in trees.
B. To help readers understand how trees grow taller.
C. To show that nails don’t stop trees from growing.
D. To teach readers a way to record the growth of trees.
(
D
) 27. If a tree trunk gets thicker over time, what will happen to a metal ring put around the bottom of the trunk after 10 years?A. The metal ring will go into the soil.
B. The metal ring will be higher off the ground.
C. The metal ring will move up and down along the trunk.
D. The metal ring will stay at the same height but may embed (嵌入) in the tree.
(
A
) 28. Which one of the pictures shows the stage of germination?(
D
) 29. From the article, we can find the answer to the question “”.① How do trees get water from the soil?
② Why does a nail in a tree trunk stay at the same height over time?
③ How many seeds does a full-grown tree drop in its lifetime?
④ How tall can the tallest trees in the world grow?
⑤ How long does a seed take to grow leaves?
A. ①③④
B. ①②③
C. ②④⑤
D. ①②④
(
B
) 30. Which of the following best represents the structure of the passage?A. Tell stories→List facts→Give a warning
B. Ask questions→Explain steps→Share a fact
C. List problems→Study reasons→Offer advice
D. Share experiences→Show examples→Introduce features
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，通过提问和举例的方式，生动地解释了树木的生长过程，包括种子发芽、树木长高和长粗的机制，以及世界上最高树木的高度。
26. B 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中“The tree will be much taller, but the nail will still be only one metre above the ground. That's because trees get taller by growing upwards from the top.”（树会变得更高，但钉子仍会离地面一米。这是因为树木是通过顶端向上生长的。）可推知，作者用钉子的例子是为了帮助读者理解树木如何长高。故选B。
27. D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“their trunk gets thicker by growing outwards... while the outward growth of the trunk is like adding more and more rings of protection and support.”（树干通过向外生长变粗……而树干的向外生长就像增加越来越多的保护和支持环。）可推知，金属环会因树干变粗而嵌入树中，但高度不变。故选D。
28. A 图示理解题。根据文章第三段中“First, the roots develop and push out and down into the soil... Then the stem grows up and makes the first leaves.”（首先，根发育并向下扎入土壤……然后茎向上生长并长出第一片叶子。）可推知，发芽阶段是根和茎刚开始生长的阶段。图片A最符合这一描述。故选A。
29. D 细节理解题。①根据第三段中“the roots develop... This makes sure the new plant can get water from the soil.”（根发育……确保新植物能从土壤中获取水分。）可回答；②根据第四段钉子的例子可回答；④根据最后一段中“Guess how tall the world's tallest living tree is? Over 110 metres!”（猜猜世界上最高的树有多高？超过110米！）可回答。其他问题文中未提及。故选D。
30. B 篇章结构题。文章结构为：开头提问（如“Have you ever wondered how it happened?”）→解释步骤（如种子发芽、树木生长机制）→分享事实（如最高树木的高度）。故选B。
26. B 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中“The tree will be much taller, but the nail will still be only one metre above the ground. That's because trees get taller by growing upwards from the top.”（树会变得更高，但钉子仍会离地面一米。这是因为树木是通过顶端向上生长的。）可推知，作者用钉子的例子是为了帮助读者理解树木如何长高。故选B。
27. D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“their trunk gets thicker by growing outwards... while the outward growth of the trunk is like adding more and more rings of protection and support.”（树干通过向外生长变粗……而树干的向外生长就像增加越来越多的保护和支持环。）可推知，金属环会因树干变粗而嵌入树中，但高度不变。故选D。
28. A 图示理解题。根据文章第三段中“First, the roots develop and push out and down into the soil... Then the stem grows up and makes the first leaves.”（首先，根发育并向下扎入土壤……然后茎向上生长并长出第一片叶子。）可推知，发芽阶段是根和茎刚开始生长的阶段。图片A最符合这一描述。故选A。
29. D 细节理解题。①根据第三段中“the roots develop... This makes sure the new plant can get water from the soil.”（根发育……确保新植物能从土壤中获取水分。）可回答；②根据第四段钉子的例子可回答；④根据最后一段中“Guess how tall the world's tallest living tree is? Over 110 metres!”（猜猜世界上最高的树有多高？超过110米！）可回答。其他问题文中未提及。故选D。
30. B 篇章结构题。文章结构为：开头提问（如“Have you ever wondered how it happened?”）→解释步骤（如种子发芽、树木生长机制）→分享事实（如最高树木的高度）。故选B。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于树木生长的说明文，解题时需根据不同题型采用对应的思路：
1. 第26题是写作意图题，需找到例子后对应的原文解释内容，明确例子的作用；
2. 第27题是推理判断题，要根据原文中树干生长的特点，推断金属环的变化；
3. 第28题是图示匹配题，需先明确“germination（发芽）”的阶段特征，再对应图片；
4. 第29题是细节理解题，需逐个核对每个问题是否能在原文找到对应答案；
5. 第30题是篇章结构题，要梳理文章的行文逻辑，看开头、中间、结尾的内容安排。
【解析】
26. 写作意图题。根据文章第四段“The tree will be much taller, but the nail will still be only one metre above the ground. That's because trees get taller by growing upwards from the top.”可知，作者用钉钉子的例子，是为了通过直观的现象，帮助读者理解树木是从顶端向上生长从而长高的原理，故选B。
27. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“their trunk gets thicker by growing outwards... while the outward growth of the trunk is like adding more and more rings of protection and support.”可知，树干是向外生长变粗的，所以套在树干底部的金属环高度不会改变，但会随着树干变粗逐渐嵌入树中，故选D。
28. 图示理解题。根据文章第三段中发芽的描述“First, the roots develop and push out and down into the soil... Then the stem grows up and makes the first leaves.”可知，发芽阶段是种子刚长出根和初期的茎叶，图片A符合这一特征，故选A。
29. 细节理解题。①根据第三段“the roots develop... This makes sure the new plant can get water from the soil.”可找到答案；②根据第四段钉钉子的例子及解释可找到答案；④根据最后一段“Guess how tall the world's tallest living tree is? Over 110 metres!”可找到答案；③和⑤的问题在文中没有提及，无法找到答案，故选D。
30. 篇章结构题。文章开头通过提问“Have you ever wondered how it happened?”等引发读者兴趣，中间依次解释了种子发芽、树木长高长粗的步骤，最后分享了世界上最高树木的事实，符合“Ask questions→Explain steps→Share a fact”的结构，故选B。
【答案】
26.B；27.D；28.A；29.D；30.B
【知识点】
说明文阅读；细节理解；推理判断
【点评】
本文以生动的例子和清晰的逻辑介绍了树木的生长过程，题目全面考查了对文章细节、写作意图、篇章结构等的理解能力，解题时需准确定位原文信息，理清文本逻辑关系。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇关于树木生长的说明文，解题时需根据不同题型采用对应的思路：
1. 第26题是写作意图题，需找到例子后对应的原文解释内容，明确例子的作用；
2. 第27题是推理判断题，要根据原文中树干生长的特点，推断金属环的变化；
3. 第28题是图示匹配题，需先明确“germination（发芽）”的阶段特征，再对应图片；
4. 第29题是细节理解题，需逐个核对每个问题是否能在原文找到对应答案；
5. 第30题是篇章结构题，要梳理文章的行文逻辑，看开头、中间、结尾的内容安排。
【解析】
26. 写作意图题。根据文章第四段“The tree will be much taller, but the nail will still be only one metre above the ground. That's because trees get taller by growing upwards from the top.”可知，作者用钉钉子的例子，是为了通过直观的现象，帮助读者理解树木是从顶端向上生长从而长高的原理，故选B。
27. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“their trunk gets thicker by growing outwards... while the outward growth of the trunk is like adding more and more rings of protection and support.”可知，树干是向外生长变粗的，所以套在树干底部的金属环高度不会改变，但会随着树干变粗逐渐嵌入树中，故选D。
28. 图示理解题。根据文章第三段中发芽的描述“First, the roots develop and push out and down into the soil... Then the stem grows up and makes the first leaves.”可知，发芽阶段是种子刚长出根和初期的茎叶，图片A符合这一特征，故选A。
29. 细节理解题。①根据第三段“the roots develop... This makes sure the new plant can get water from the soil.”可找到答案；②根据第四段钉钉子的例子及解释可找到答案；④根据最后一段“Guess how tall the world's tallest living tree is? Over 110 metres!”可找到答案；③和⑤的问题在文中没有提及，无法找到答案，故选D。
30. 篇章结构题。文章开头通过提问“Have you ever wondered how it happened?”等引发读者兴趣，中间依次解释了种子发芽、树木长高长粗的步骤，最后分享了世界上最高树木的事实，符合“Ask questions→Explain steps→Share a fact”的结构，故选B。
【答案】
26.B；27.D；28.A；29.D；30.B
【知识点】
说明文阅读；细节理解；推理判断
【点评】
本文以生动的例子和清晰的逻辑介绍了树木的生长过程，题目全面考查了对文章细节、写作意图、篇章结构等的理解能力，解题时需准确定位原文信息，理清文本逻辑关系。
【难度系数】
0.6
