Ⅴ.读写题(本题共两节,满分15分)
第一节　阅读短文,根据语篇内容,在方框内的缩写文章中,填入与短文意思最符合的单词,每空一词。(共6小题,每小题1分,满分6分)
Water overflows(溢出) onto dry land and a flood happens. Floods have always been a part of life on earth. Almost every culture has a tale about a great flood. Since old times, people have built the cities along rivers because they use the water for drinking and for farming. For that reason, river floods affect(影响) many people. In some places people have built dams(堤坝) to protect lands from river flooding.
Floods can be dangerous. However, floods are not always bad. When muddy floodwater go down, they sometimes leave a layer(层) of wet earth. People in ancient Egypt depended on the flooding of the Nile River every year to help them grow their crops, like wheat.
Most often flooding is caused by heavy rains over a long time. After a lot of rain, the ground becomes full of water, and new rainwater runs off, or flows downhill. That runoff goes directly in streams and rivers. In springtime, the rain may be mixed with melting(融化的) snow. Because of the extra(多余的) water flowing into the streams and rivers, their water level(水位线) rises. If the level rises so much that the water overflows the banks, a flood happens.
Flooding can be worse if there is not much vegetation (trees, grass, and other plants) on the land around rivers. In general, land that has little vegetation is less able to absorb(吸收) water. The result is a larger amount of water entering a river system.
Flash floods are the deadliest(致命的) kind of flood. They are caused by sudden heavy rainfall or a broken dam. They happen very quickly and can catch people before they have a chance to get away. Flash floods often happen in hilly country or around dry riverbeds. In a flash flood, a completely dry riverbed can be filled in minutes.

57. 　　58. 　　59. 　　　60. 　　　61. 　　　62.
第二节　阅读短文,根据语篇内容,回答3个问题。(共3小题,每小题3分,满分9分)
63. Why have people built cities along rivers since old times?

64. What did people in ancient Egypt depend on the Nile River’s flooding for?

65. What is the deadliest kind of flood?

Ⅴ.57.flood 58.affect 59.flooding 60.depended
61.off 62.minutes
63.Because they use the water for drinking and for farming.
64.Egypt depended on the flooding of the Nile River every year to help them grow their crops, like wheat.
65.Flash floods.

【分析】
解题时，先处理第一节的6个填空：需定位原文对应句子，结合语境、固定搭配填写单词，每空一词；再处理第二节的问答：根据问题关键词定位原文相关段落，提取准确信息作答。具体：57空对应原文首句，找水溢出后发生的事物；58空对应河流洪水对人的影响；59空用stop...from doing的固定搭配；60空对应古埃及人对尼罗河洪水的依赖，注意时态；61空用雨水流入河流的固定短语；62空对应干河床被填满的时间；第二节63题找建城沿河的原因；64题找古埃及人依赖洪水的目的；65题找最致命的洪水类型。
【解析】
第一节：
57. 原文第一句“Water overflows dry land and a flood happens.”，结合语境，水溢出后发生的是洪水，故填flood；
58. 原文第一段“river floods affect many people”，河流洪水影响很多人，故填affect；
59. 固定搭配stop sb/sth from doing sth，此处表示阻止河流泛滥，故填flooding；
60. 原文第二段“People in ancient Egypt depended on the flooding of the Nile River every year to help them grow their crops”，时态为一般过去时，故填depended；
61. 固定短语run off意为“流走”，原文第三段“new rainwater runs off”，故填off；
62. 原文最后一段“a completely dry riverbed can be filled in minutes”，故填minutes。
第二节：
63. 原文第一段“Since old times, people have built the cities along rivers because they use the water for drinking and for farming.”，直接提取原因作答；
64. 原文第二段“People in ancient Egypt depended on the flooding of the Nile River every year to help them grow their crops, like wheat.”，提取对应内容；
65. 原文最后一段“Flash floods are the deadliest kind of flood.”，提取作答。
【答案】
57.flood 58.affect 59.flooding 60.depended 61.off 62.minutes；63.Because they use the water for drinking and for farming. 64.Egypt depended on the flooding of the Nile River every year to help them grow their crops, like wheat. 65.Flash floods.
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、阅读理解（细节理解）
【点评】
本题为基础英语阅读题，考查细节信息查找与词汇运用，需准确对应原文内容，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6