五、阅读理解。〔人与社会——城市介绍〕
Harbin, the snowy capital of North-east China's Heilongjiang Province, is called the “ice city”. It caught the attention of a great number of visitors in January, 2024. Many people were drawn by the great ice sculptures(冰雕)of its Ice and Snow Festival. Among them, 11 special visitors got a lot of attention all over the country. What is so special about these visitors?
Well, the 11 visitors are a group of children aged between 3 and 6. Led by three teachers, they came to North-east China from Nanning, Guangxi for a study tour. The lovely kids wore orange coats, so people called them “small sugar oranges”.
At first, some parents were worried. But then they found that the children enjoyed their trip. During the trip, the children played ice and snow games. They tried ice skating and built snowmen. They also made new friends. They spent time together in the cold wind, learned to work together and helped each other. This group of “small sugar oranges” also visited China's northernmost fire station in Mohe. There they sang the national anthem(国歌)and showed their thanks to the firefighters.
“The study tour was very meaningful!” says one of the parents.
()1. Which of the following cities is called the “ice city”?
A. Mohe.
B. Harbin.
C. Nanning.
D. Shenyang.
()2. Why did people call the children “small sugar oranges” according to the passage?
A. Because they loved sugar.
B. Because they drank orange juice.
C. Because they loved oranges.
D. Because they wore orange coats.
()3.(创新考法·组合式选择)What did the children do in Harbin?
① They played ice and snow games.
② They tried ice skating.
③ They built snowmen.
④ They sang the national anthem.
⑤ They learned from the firefighters.
A. ①②③
B. ②③④
C. ③④⑤
D. ①③⑤
()4. What's the best title for this passage?
A. The Ice Sculptures in Harbin
B. Eleven Children and Their Teachers
C. A Study Tour in North-east China
D. Children's Thanks to the Firefighters

1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C

【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，我们可以按照先明确题干考点、再回原文定位比对的思路解题：1. 前两道都是基础细节题，直接带着题干关键词返回原文找对应语句就能锁定答案；2. 第三道组合式选择题需要逐一核对给出的5种行为，区分不同场景的内容，排除不符合原文描述的选项；3. 第四道主旨大意题要注意不能把文章局部的片段内容当成全文核心，选择能覆盖整个事件的标题即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第一句"Harbin, the snowy capital of North-east China's Heilongjiang Province, is called the “ice city”"，可知被称为冰城的是哈尔滨，对应选项B。
2. 定位原文第二段最后一句"The lovely kids wore orange coats, so people called them “small sugar oranges”"，可知孩子们被叫做“小砂糖橘”的原因是他们穿着橙色外套，对应选项D。
3. 逐一核对5个描述：①原文第三段明确提到孩子们玩了冰雪游戏，符合；②原文提到他们尝试了滑冰，符合；③原文提到他们堆了雪人，符合；④唱国歌是他们在漠河消防站做的事，不属于在哈尔滨的活动；⑤原文只提到他们向消防员表达感谢，没有提到向消防员学习，因此不符合。符合要求的只有①②③，对应选项A。
4. 分析四个选项：A只提到哈尔滨冰雕，属于开篇引入的局部内容；B只提到孩子和老师，没有点明核心的研学游事件；D只提到孩子们向消防员致谢，属于行程里的片段内容，只有C选项“中国东北的研学之旅”完整覆盖了全文的核心事件，是最佳标题，对应选项C。
【知识点】
细节信息查找，主旨大意判断，组合信息筛选
【点评】
这篇阅读选取了当下的热点社会事件，内容趣味性强，大部分题目都可以直接通过原文定位得到答案，仅第三题需要学生区分不同地点对应的行为，避免混淆零散信息，整体难度适中，能很好地锻炼学生快速定位原文的阅读能力。
【难度系数】
0.7

六、(2025·无锡期末改编)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。〔人与自然——自然景观〕
What is the largest hot desert on the earth? If your answer is the Sahara, you're correct. The Sahara has over 9 million square kilometres. 1.
Now, you may think that it's all sand and has no hills. 2. Sand dunes(沙丘)are hills in the desert and the Sahara is famous for them. They can be over 180 metres high. You can see them in many movies.
3. In summer, it could be above 49℃. And the hottest day in history was up to 58℃. But it doesn't stay that way all the time. 4. That's a little surprising, isn't it?
There are two large rivers and some seasonal lakes in the Sahara. The rivers along with the seasonal lakes play an important role. 5. There's more to the Sahara than you think!
A. However, that's not true.
B. Why is the Sahara growing?
C. At night, it becomes very cold.
D. The Sahara is the hottest desert.
E. Deserts do not stay the same size.
F. That makes it almost as big as China or the US.
G. Because oases(绿洲)get water from them.

1. F 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. G

【分析】
这是一篇介绍撒哈拉沙漠的说明文类七选五题型，解题思路如下：首先先通读全文，明确文章围绕撒哈拉沙漠的面积、地貌特征、气温特点、水源作用四个维度展开介绍，核心主题贴合人与自然的自然景观方向。接下来逐空定位前后文的逻辑线索：优先关注空前后的指代关系、转折/因果逻辑、主题句和支撑细节的对应关系，把7个选项和各空的语境逐一匹配，最后验证多余选项是否完全不符合语境即可选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空前句明确提到“撒哈拉的面积超过900万平方公里”，F选项“这几乎和中国或美国一样大”是对前文面积数据的顺承补充，用大家熟悉的国家面积做参照，让读者对撒哈拉的大小有更直观的认知，衔接自然。
2. 空前句提出大众的错误认知“你可能觉得撒哈拉全是沙子、没有山丘”，空后句马上介绍沙丘就是沙漠里的山丘，撒哈拉以沙丘闻名，A选项“然而那不是真的”起到转折过渡作用，直接推翻前文的错误认知，完美衔接前后内容。
3. 空后整段内容都在介绍撒哈拉夏季超过49℃、历史最高温达58℃的极端高温情况，D选项“撒哈拉是最热的沙漠”作为本段的主题句，总领后文所有和温度相关的细节描述，完全匹配语境。
4. 空前句说明“但气温不会一直保持高温状态”，C选项“在晚上，天气会变得非常冷”承接前文“不会一直热”的表述，符合沙漠昼夜温差极大的常识，也对应后文“这有点令人惊讶”的描述。
5. 空前句提到“这些河流和季节性湖泊发挥着重要作用”，G选项“因为绿洲从它们那里获取水源”直接解释了前文“发挥重要作用”的原因，因果逻辑通顺。
【答案】
1. F 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. G
【知识点】
七选五阅读，语篇逻辑衔接，说明文阅读
【点评】
本题属于课标要求的“人与自然”主题类阅读题，整体难度适中，考点聚焦基础的逻辑衔接判断，没有设置过难的干扰项，两个多余选项B“撒哈拉为什么在扩张”、E“沙漠不会保持相同大小”和全文内容完全无关，很容易排除，学生只要抓住每段的核心主题、找准前后句的逻辑关联就能顺利选出全部正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7