2026年能力素养与学力提升八年级英语下册译林版第153页答案
一、根据括号中的中文提示,写出句中所缺单词,使句子通顺。
1. The most environment - friendly way is to avoid
single-use
(供一次使用的)things altogether.
2. My clock doesn't work. I need to put two new
batteries
(电池)into it.
3. You can try to reduce your use of
electricity
(电)by turning off the lights.
4. There are
hardly
(几乎没有)any living things here in such cold conditions.
5. I prefer to use
electronic
(电子的)dictionaries since they are very convenient.
6. To buy cheap books, he often goes to the
second-hand
(二手的)bookstore.

答案

1. single-use 2. batteries 3. electricity 4. hardly 5. electronic 6. second-hand

解析

【分析】
这是一道根据中文提示补全单词的基础题型,解题思路可以按两步走:第一步先通读每个句子理解整体句意,结合括号内的中文提示,先匹配对应的核心英文词汇;第二步结合句子的语法规则判断是否需要调整词形,比如可数名词遇到大于1的数词时要变复数、修饰名词要使用对应形容词、搭配固定表达要选择适配的副词等,最后核对拼写确保单词符合语境、句子通顺。
【解析】
1. 句意为“最环保的方式是完全避免一次性物品”,中文提示“供一次使用的”对应合成形容词single-use,用来修饰后面的名词things,构成固定表达single-use things(一次性用品),符合语境。
2. 句意为“我的闹钟坏了,我需要往里面装两节新电池”,中文提示“电池”对应可数名词battery,前面有数词two修饰,需要变为复数形式batteries。
3. 句意为“你可以通过关灯来减少用电量”,中文提示“电”对应不可数名词electricity,放在介词of后面作宾语,符合语法要求。
4. 句意为“在如此寒冷的环境下,这里几乎没有任何生物”,中文提示“几乎没有”,和后面的any构成固定搭配hardly any,用副词hardly符合表达习惯。
5. 句意为“我更喜欢用电子词典,因为它们非常方便”,中文提示“电子的”对应形容词electronic,修饰后面的名词dictionaries,构成固定表达electronic dictionaries(电子词典)。
6. 句意为“为了买便宜的书,他经常去二手书店”,中文提示“二手的”对应合成形容词second-hand,修饰后面的名词bookstore,构成表达second-hand bookstore(二手书店),符合句意。
【答案】
1. single-use 2. batteries 3. electricity 4. hardly 5. electronic 6. second-hand
【知识点】
单词拼写;名词单复数;词类用法辨析
【点评】
本题围绕日常、环保相关的常用词汇展开考查,既检验学生对课标要求核心词汇的识记能力,也兼顾了基础语法层面的词形变换考点,提醒学生不能只记单词原形,还要结合句子的限定条件调整正确形式,避免不必要的失分。
【难度系数】
0.8
二、根据短文内容,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空,使短文完整通顺。
China has many beautiful places. In Gansu Province, there is a place
called
(call)Minqin. People there have been fighting against the desert for many years. The desert grew larger in the past, and sandstorms often
covered
(cover)their fields and houses. To protect their homes, the local people decided to plant a special tree called the saxaul tree(梭梭树).
These trees can grow in dry places and their roots help hold the sand together. In 2010, villagers started
digging/to dig
(dig)holes in the desert and put small saxaul trees into the holes. Everyone worked hard, and even children helped carry water. In the past few years, they
have planted
(plant)over 2 million trees.
The trees stop the sand
moving
(move). Also, they make the air cleaner than before. Many animals, like birds and insects, are returning to the land. “These trees
will be taken
(take)care of by us in the following years,” said an old farmer. “If we don't protect the environment, our children will have no green land
to live
(live)in the future.”
Thanks to their
efforts
(effort), the desert is becoming smaller and smaller. People around China
are learning
(learn)from Minqin's story now. Every tiny bit of strength is precious. It can make a big
difference
(different)to the environment. Just like those small saxaul trees, when they get together, they can prevent wind and fix sand.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

答案

1. called 2. covered 3. digging/to dig 4. have planted 5. moving 6. will be taken 7. to live 8. efforts 9. are learning 10. difference

解析

【分析】
做这类短文词形转换填空题,首先要先通读全文,把握文章讲述民勤治沙的核心主旨和整体时态逻辑,之后逐个分析空格:第一步先判断空格在句中充当的成分,第二步结合时间标志、固定搭配、主被动关系确定变形规则,第三步写出正确形式后代入通读,验证短文是否通顺合理。比如看到后置修饰名词的成分考虑非谓语,看到时间状语对应相应时态,看到固定短语的标志性结构直接套用规则变形即可。
【解析】
1. 此处a place和call是逻辑被动关系,意为“被称作民勤的地方”,用过去分词作后置定语修饰place,填called。
2. 前文时间状语in the past表明句子为一般过去时,and并列谓语,cover的过去式为covered,填covered。
3. 固定搭配start to do sth./start doing sth.都表示“开始做某事”,因此dig可变形为digging或者to dig,两个形式都正确。
4. 时间状语In the past few years是现在完成时的典型标志,主语为they,现在完成时结构为have+动词过去分词,plant的过去分词是planted,填have planted。
5. 固定搭配stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth.表示“阻止某人/某物做某事”,move要变为动名词形式,填moving。
6. 时间状语in the following years表将来含义,同时主语these trees和take care of是被动关系,要用一般将来时的被动语态will be+过去分词,填will be taken。
7. 此处用不定式作后置定语修饰green land,表示“可供居住的绿地”,填to live。
8. effort表示“努力”时是可数名词,此处指代众人付出的多份努力,要用复数形式,填efforts。
9. 时间状语now是现在进行时的标志,主语People around China是复数,现在进行时结构为are+现在分词,learn的现在分词是learning,填are learning。
10. 固定搭配make a difference意为“有影响、起作用”,需要把形容词different变为名词形式,填difference。
【答案】
1. called 2. covered 3. digging/to dig 4. have planted 5. moving 6. will be taken 7. to live 8. efforts 9. are learning 10. difference
【知识点】
词形转换,时态语态,固定搭配
【点评】
本题结合民勤治沙的环保主题命题,覆盖初中英语核心考点,既考察非谓语变形、时态判断、被动语态等语言基础能力,也渗透了环境保护的德育引导,需要学生结合上下文线索综合判断,避免孤立变形出错,能有效检验学生的词法综合运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6