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五、阅读理解
Our solar system is like a busy traffic circle. The sun is in the centre of this traffic circle, which drives a large number of heavenly bodies(天体) such as planets and comets to go around it.
While the earth and the other planets follow their fixed paths to go around the sun, some smaller solar "siblings", like rocks, don't always follow their paths. As a result, a large rock, which may be as big as a small city, hits the earth every once in a while.
One such collision(碰撞事故) caused the extinction of dinosaurs around 66 million years ago. Some scientists believe that a huge meteorite(陨石) from outer space hit the earth and sent a large amount of dust into the atmosphere, causing the dinosaurs to die out suddenly and leaving a large impact crater(陨石坑) on the plains of Mexico.
However, humans can do more than just being sitting ducks if there is a collision now. A group of scientists from the USA are trying to connect the world to a proper procedure(程序) to deal with such a possibility.
The objects which can hit the earth are called "near-earth objects" or NEOs. The scientists have been able to make sure there are about 11,400 potentially(潜在地) dangerous NEOs in space. Some scientists suggest attaching the NEO to a huge rocket to push it away or shooting a nuclear warhead(核弹头) at the NEO to break it into pieces. However, either way it will need scientists to work together.
(
A. The planet.
B. The comet.
C. The sun.
D. The earth.
(
A. Coming out.
B. Growing up.
C. Coming back.
D. Dying out.
(
A. The number of potentially dangerous NEOs.
B. When to report a warning of the rock collision.
C. The proper procedure to deal with the heavy traffic.
D. Some scientists' advice on dealing with the rock collision.
Our solar system is like a busy traffic circle. The sun is in the centre of this traffic circle, which drives a large number of heavenly bodies(天体) such as planets and comets to go around it.
While the earth and the other planets follow their fixed paths to go around the sun, some smaller solar "siblings", like rocks, don't always follow their paths. As a result, a large rock, which may be as big as a small city, hits the earth every once in a while.
One such collision(碰撞事故) caused the extinction of dinosaurs around 66 million years ago. Some scientists believe that a huge meteorite(陨石) from outer space hit the earth and sent a large amount of dust into the atmosphere, causing the dinosaurs to die out suddenly and leaving a large impact crater(陨石坑) on the plains of Mexico.
However, humans can do more than just being sitting ducks if there is a collision now. A group of scientists from the USA are trying to connect the world to a proper procedure(程序) to deal with such a possibility.
The objects which can hit the earth are called "near-earth objects" or NEOs. The scientists have been able to make sure there are about 11,400 potentially(潜在地) dangerous NEOs in space. Some scientists suggest attaching the NEO to a huge rocket to push it away or shooting a nuclear warhead(核弹头) at the NEO to break it into pieces. However, either way it will need scientists to work together.
(
C
)1. What is in the centre of the solar system?A. The planet.
B. The comet.
C. The sun.
D. The earth.
(
D
)2. What does the underlined word "extinction" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Coming out.
B. Growing up.
C. Coming back.
D. Dying out.
(
D
)3. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. The number of potentially dangerous NEOs.
B. When to report a warning of the rock collision.
C. The proper procedure to deal with the heavy traffic.
D. Some scientists' advice on dealing with the rock collision.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. D
解析
【分析】
做这类阅读理解题，需先定位题目对应的原文内容，逐一分析选项：第1题考查太阳系中心的细节，直接找原文相关句子；第2题是词义猜测，结合上下文找同义表达；第3题考查段落主旨，概括最后一段核心内容，排除无关选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段第二句“The sun is in the centre of this traffic circle”，可知太阳系的中心是太阳，对应选项C。
2. 词义猜测题：第三段提到“causing the dinosaurs to die out suddenly”，其中die out与划线词extinction含义一致，意为“灭绝”，故选D。
3. 主旨大意题：最后一段主要介绍科学家应对近地危险天体（NEO）的建议，如用火箭推离或用核弹击碎，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. C 2. D 3. D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为科普类阅读理解，考查学生对原文细节的查找、词义的推断及段落主旨的概括能力，题目设置基础，需学生准确定位原文信息即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类阅读理解题，需先定位题目对应的原文内容，逐一分析选项：第1题考查太阳系中心的细节，直接找原文相关句子；第2题是词义猜测，结合上下文找同义表达；第3题考查段落主旨，概括最后一段核心内容，排除无关选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段第二句“The sun is in the centre of this traffic circle”，可知太阳系的中心是太阳，对应选项C。
2. 词义猜测题：第三段提到“causing the dinosaurs to die out suddenly”，其中die out与划线词extinction含义一致，意为“灭绝”，故选D。
3. 主旨大意题：最后一段主要介绍科学家应对近地危险天体（NEO）的建议，如用火箭推离或用核弹击碎，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. C 2. D 3. D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为科普类阅读理解，考查学生对原文细节的查找、词义的推断及段落主旨的概括能力，题目设置基础，需学生准确定位原文信息即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.6
读后词汇拓展 猜出画波浪线单词的词性和中文意思，并收入自己的小词典。
path
path
n. 轨道
答案
n. 轨道
解析
【分析】本题为词汇拓展题，需判断单词path的词性和中文意思，回忆该单词的词性属性及对应词义，结合题目要求完成作答。
【解析】单词path的词性为名词，对应的中文意思是轨道，据此得出结果。
【答案】n. 轨道
【知识点】词汇词性、词汇词义
【点评】本题是基础词汇积累类题目，考查常用词汇的词性与词义，帮助拓展词汇储备。
【难度系数】0.3
【解析】单词path的词性为名词，对应的中文意思是轨道，据此得出结果。
【答案】n. 轨道
【知识点】词汇词性、词汇词义
【点评】本题是基础词汇积累类题目，考查常用词汇的词性与词义，帮助拓展词汇储备。
【难度系数】0.3
