一、完形填空
体裁: 说明文 主题: 语言与文化 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 9 min 正确率: /15
新素养·语言能力 Do you remember the useful sentences like “It's a piece of gnomon— cake” or “It serves you right” in English learning? They carry more 1 than the shadow words themselves. In Chinese culture, we also have lots of similar useful 2 like “drinking ink” and “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”.
“Drinking ink” is a common phrase that shows a person is 3. Is there anyone who really drinks ink? It could be 4 in Chinese history. During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those who 5 very badly in the exam would be punished(惩罚) by drinking one liter of ink. Even if they were found to have 6 handwriting or make up something terrible, they would be taken into a special room to drink ink. The 7 was accepted by the following dynasties. Nowadays, this phrase is 8 used to describe(描述) people's ways of receiving education or their level of education. For example, “drinking foreign ink” means one has studied overseas. “Drinking little ink” means a 9 level of education.
“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold” means that an inch of time has the same 10 as an inch of gold. It is also the first half of a saying, “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of time cannot be 11 with an inch of gold”. In ancient times, time was measured(测量) by inches 12 people used the sundial(日晷) as a time-keeping tool. It is made of a flat and round plate on which time degrees are shown. As the sun moves from 13 to setting, the length of the gnomon's shadow changes from long to short and short to long. This is how the sundial 14 time.
Language cannot be separated from culture. Language learning can help us better 15 the cultures behind the countries and communicate more with people from different countries.
1. A. secrets B. symbols C. meanings D. matters ＞＞ 生活常识
2. A. expressions B. suggestions C. sentences D. messages
3. A. exchanged B. educated C. remembered D. recorded
4. A. dangerous B. usual C. true D. easy
5. A. acted B. planned C. guessed D. prepared
6. A. different B. special C. fast D. poor
7. A. idea B. rule C. course D. pattern
8. A. quietly B. quickly C. popularly D. possibly ＞＞ 生活常识
9. A. low B. basic C. fresh D. perfect ＞＞ 生活常识
10. A. size B. value C. shape D. length
11. A. provided B. carried C. matched D. bought ＞＞ 生活常识
12. A. though B. because C. but D. so
13. A. rising B. lifting C. growing D. appearing
14. A. makes B. kills C. beats D. tells
15. A. change B. improve C. understand D. experience

一、【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过中文习语“喝墨水”和“一寸光阴一寸金”讲述了语言背后的文化故事。
1. C 根据上文“It's a piece of cake”和“It serves you right”并结合文化常识可知，“小菜一碟”和“你活该”所承载的意义远不止于字面本身。故选 C。
＞＞ 生活常识
2. A 根据空后“drinking ink”和“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”可知“喝墨水”和“一寸光阴一寸金”是中文习语表达。故选 A。
3. B 根据下文“Nowadays, this phrase is $\underline{8}$ used to describe people's ways of receiving education or their level of education.”可知“喝墨水”现在用来描述人们接受教育的方式或教育水平，由此可知“喝墨水”表示一个人受过教育。故选 B。
4. C 根据下文“During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those who $\underline{5}$ very badly in the exam would be punished by drinking one liter of ink.”可知北齐时期在考试中表现很差的人会被惩罚喝一升墨水，由此可知在中国历史上人喝墨水可能是真的。故选 C。
5. A 根据空后“very badly in the exam”可知此处指在考试中表现很差。故选 A。
6. D 根据上文“those who $\underline{5}$ very badly in the exam would be punished by drinking one liter of ink”和空后“make up something terrible, they would be taken into a special room to drink ink”可知在考试中表现很差的人会被惩罚喝一升墨水，字迹很差或胡编乱造的人也会被惩罚。故选 D。
7. B 根据上文“During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those who $\underline{5}$ very badly in the exam ... they would be taken into a special room to drink ink.”可知在考试中表现很差、字迹很差或胡编乱造的人会被惩罚，这些是规则。故选 B。
8. C 根据空后“used to describe people's ways of receiving education or their level of education”并结合常识可知，“喝墨水”现在被广泛用来描述人们的受教育方式或教育水平。故选 C。
＞＞ 生活常识
9. A 根据空前“Drinking little ink”并结合文化常识可知喝墨水少意味着教育水平低。故选 A。
＞＞ 生活常识
10. B 根据空前“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”可知“一寸光阴一寸金”表示一寸光阴和一寸黄金有相同的价值。故选 B。
11. D 根据语境“It is also the first half of a saying, ‘An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of time cannot be $\underline{11}$ with an inch of gold’.”并结合文化常识可知，此处指谚语“一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴”。故选 D。
＞＞ 生活常识
12. B 空前“In ancient times, time was measured by inches”和空后“people used the sundial as a time-keeping tool”是因果关系，前果后因。故选 B。
13. A 根据空后“the length of the gnomon's shadow changes from long to short and short to long”可知随着太阳从升起到落下，指时针影子的长度从长变短，再从短变长。故选 A。
14. D 根据上文“As the sun moves from $\underline{13}$ to setting, the length of the gnomon's shadow changes from long to short and short to long.”可知随着太阳从升起到落下，指时针影子的长度从长变短，再从短变长，此处描述日晷如何报时。故选 D。
15. C 根据空后“the cultures behind the countries”并结合文章内容可知，语言学习可以帮助我们更好地理解文化。故选 C。

【分析】
本题是围绕“语言与文化”主题的说明文完形填空，解题思路如下：①先通读全文，把握文章主旨（语言承载文化，通过中英文习语及日晷的例子展开说明）；②结合上下文语境、文化常识、词汇辨析逐一分析每个空格，确定最符合逻辑和语义的选项；③最后通读全文，验证所选答案是否使文章通顺连贯。
【解析】
1. C 根据上文列举的英文习语及文化常识可知，这些习语承载的意义远不止字面本身，故选C。
2. A 空后“drinking ink”和“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”是中文习语表达，故选A。
3. B 由下文“used to describe people's ways of receiving education or their level of education”可知，“喝墨水”表示一个人受过教育，故选B。
4. C 下文提到北齐时期考试差的人会被惩罚喝墨水，说明历史上确实存在这种情况，故选C。
5. A 此处指考试中表现很差，act badly in the exam是固定搭配，故选A。
6. D 结合上下文，字迹差或胡编乱造的人会被惩罚，故选D。
7. B 北齐时期的惩罚措施是一种规则，被后续朝代沿用，故选B。
8. C “喝墨水”现在被广泛用来描述教育相关的内容，popularly符合语境，故选C。
9. A “Drinking little ink”指教育水平低，故选A。
10. B “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”表示光阴和黄金有相同的价值，故选B。
11. D 谚语“一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴”，此处指无法用黄金购买，故选D。
12. B 前句“时间以英寸测量”和后句“用日晷计时”是因果关系，前果后因，故选B。
13. A 太阳从升起到落下，对应影子长度变化，故选A。
14. D 日晷通过影子变化来报时，tell time是固定搭配，故选D。
15. C 语言学习帮助我们更好地理解背后的文化，故选C。
【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.C
【知识点】完形填空解题技巧、文化常识、词汇辨析
【点评】本文以语言与文化为主题，结合中英文习语和日晷知识，考查学生的语境理解、文化常识运用及词汇辨析能力，需结合上下文逻辑和背景知识解题，有助于学生积累语言文化相关知识。
【难度系数】0.4