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四、词语运用。
A)选用方框里的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。
certain disasters As a result action suggestion worse
Nowadays, $\underline{1}$ areas are facing serious pollution problems. The air and water are getting $\underline{2}$, which has led to a growing number of natural $\underline{3}$. $\underline{4}$, many people's health is affected, and the balance of nature is being destroyed. We must take $\underline{5}$ to cut down pollution and protect our planet before it's too late.
1.
A)选用方框里的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。
certain disasters As a result action suggestion worse
Nowadays, $\underline{1}$ areas are facing serious pollution problems. The air and water are getting $\underline{2}$, which has led to a growing number of natural $\underline{3}$. $\underline{4}$, many people's health is affected, and the balance of nature is being destroyed. We must take $\underline{5}$ to cut down pollution and protect our planet before it's too late.
1.
certain
2. worse
3. disasters
4. As a result
5. action
答案
1. certain 2. worse 3. disasters 4. As a result 5. action
解析
【分析】
首先通读短文，理解文章大意是关于环境污染带来的系列问题。接着逐个分析每个空格的需求：1. 空格后是名词areas，需形容词修饰，方框中形容词certain（某些）符合语境；2. 空格前是系动词getting，需形容词比较级，方框中worse（更糟的）符合“空气和水变得更糟”的语境；3. 空格前是形容词natural，需名词，natural disasters是固定搭配“自然灾害”，方框中disasters符合；4. 空格后是完整句子，需连接短语，As a result（结果）承接前文污染导致灾害、进而影响健康的逻辑，符合；5. 此处是固定搭配take action（采取行动），方框中action符合，剩余suggestion为多余项。
【解析】
1. 空格后为名词areas，需形容词修饰，certain作为形容词意为“某些”，构成certain areas（某些地区），符合语境；
2. 空格前是系动词getting，需形容词比较级，worse是bad的比较级，意为“更糟的”，表示空气和水的状况变差，符合文意；
3. 空格前是形容词natural，需搭配名词，disasters构成natural disasters（自然灾害），对应前文污染引发的问题，符合逻辑；
4. As a result是连接短语，意为“结果”，承接前文污染导致自然灾害，进而影响人们健康的逻辑关系，符合上下文；
5. 固定搭配take action意为“采取行动”，符合“必须采取行动减少污染”的语境。
【答案】
1. certain 2. worse 3. disasters 4. As a result 5. action
【知识点】
形容词的用法、固定搭配、语境词汇辨析
【点评】
本题为词语运用基础题，考查词汇在具体语境中的正确使用，需结合句意、词性及固定搭配选择合适词汇，能有效检验学生对词汇的掌握和语境运用能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
首先通读短文，理解文章大意是关于环境污染带来的系列问题。接着逐个分析每个空格的需求：1. 空格后是名词areas，需形容词修饰，方框中形容词certain（某些）符合语境；2. 空格前是系动词getting，需形容词比较级，方框中worse（更糟的）符合“空气和水变得更糟”的语境；3. 空格前是形容词natural，需名词，natural disasters是固定搭配“自然灾害”，方框中disasters符合；4. 空格后是完整句子，需连接短语，As a result（结果）承接前文污染导致灾害、进而影响健康的逻辑，符合；5. 此处是固定搭配take action（采取行动），方框中action符合，剩余suggestion为多余项。
【解析】
1. 空格后为名词areas，需形容词修饰，certain作为形容词意为“某些”，构成certain areas（某些地区），符合语境；
2. 空格前是系动词getting，需形容词比较级，worse是bad的比较级，意为“更糟的”，表示空气和水的状况变差，符合文意；
3. 空格前是形容词natural，需搭配名词，disasters构成natural disasters（自然灾害），对应前文污染引发的问题，符合逻辑；
4. As a result是连接短语，意为“结果”，承接前文污染导致自然灾害，进而影响人们健康的逻辑关系，符合上下文；
5. 固定搭配take action意为“采取行动”，符合“必须采取行动减少污染”的语境。
【答案】
1. certain 2. worse 3. disasters 4. As a result 5. action
【知识点】
形容词的用法、固定搭配、语境词汇辨析
【点评】
本题为词语运用基础题，考查词汇在具体语境中的正确使用，需结合句意、词性及固定搭配选择合适词汇，能有效检验学生对词汇的掌握和语境运用能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
B)阅读短文,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
One day, a lion, a wolf, and a fox went
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
One day, a lion, a wolf, and a fox went
hunting
(hunt) together, and they agreed to share
(share) what they caught. After killing
(kill) a large deer, they decided to have a
big and delicious meal. The lion asked the wolf to divide(分配) the deer. After
the wolf made three equal(相等的) parts, it told its friends to take their
(they) own part. However, the lion caught the wolf and tore(撕碎) it into
pieces very angrily. The lion then told the fox to divide the deer. The fox gave most of the deer to the lion and left
(leave) a small part for itself
(it). "Ah, my friend," asked the lion, "who taught you to divide things so equally?" "The dead
(die) wolf. I don't need other lessons(教训)," answered the fox.1.
hunting
2.
to share
3.
killing
4.
a
5.
After
6.
their
7.
into
8.
left
9.
itself
10.
dead
答案
1. hunting 2. to share 3. killing 4. a 5. After 6. their 7. into 8. left 9. itself 10. dead
解析
【分析】
这是一道英语短文填空题，需结合固定搭配、语法规则及语境逐一解题：1. 考查固定搭配go hunting；2. 考查固定搭配agree to do sth；3. 介词after后接动名词作宾语；4. 考查固定短语have a meal；5. 结合语境选择合适的介词；6. 用形容词性物主代词修饰名词；7. 考查固定短语tear...into pieces；8. 一般过去时动词形式；9. 反身代词的用法；10. 形容词修饰名词。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配go hunting表示“去打猎”，故填hunting；
2. 固定搭配agree to do sth表示“同意做某事”，故填to share；
3. 介词after后需接动名词，kill的动名词为killing，故填killing；
4. 固定短语have a meal表示“吃一顿饭”，用不定冠词a，故填a；
5. 结合语境“狼把鹿分成三等份之后”，用介词After，故填After；
6. 修饰名词own part需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their，故填their；
7. 固定短语tear...into pieces表示“把……撕成碎片”，故填into；
8. 时态为一般过去时，与前面的gave并列，leave的过去式是left，故填left；
9. 表示“给自己留”，用反身代词itself，故填itself；
10. 修饰名词wolf需用形容词，die的形容词是dead，故填dead。
【答案】
1. hunting 2. to share 3. killing 4. a 5. After 6. their 7. into 8. left 9. itself 10. dead
【知识点】
固定搭配、非谓语动词、代词
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法与固定搭配的运用，结合短文语境即可完成填空，是常见的英语基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一道英语短文填空题，需结合固定搭配、语法规则及语境逐一解题：1. 考查固定搭配go hunting；2. 考查固定搭配agree to do sth；3. 介词after后接动名词作宾语；4. 考查固定短语have a meal；5. 结合语境选择合适的介词；6. 用形容词性物主代词修饰名词；7. 考查固定短语tear...into pieces；8. 一般过去时动词形式；9. 反身代词的用法；10. 形容词修饰名词。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配go hunting表示“去打猎”，故填hunting；
2. 固定搭配agree to do sth表示“同意做某事”，故填to share；
3. 介词after后需接动名词，kill的动名词为killing，故填killing；
4. 固定短语have a meal表示“吃一顿饭”，用不定冠词a，故填a；
5. 结合语境“狼把鹿分成三等份之后”，用介词After，故填After；
6. 修饰名词own part需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their，故填their；
7. 固定短语tear...into pieces表示“把……撕成碎片”，故填into；
8. 时态为一般过去时，与前面的gave并列，leave的过去式是left，故填left；
9. 表示“给自己留”，用反身代词itself，故填itself；
10. 修饰名词wolf需用形容词，die的形容词是dead，故填dead。
【答案】
1. hunting 2. to share 3. killing 4. a 5. After 6. their 7. into 8. left 9. itself 10. dead
【知识点】
固定搭配、非谓语动词、代词
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法与固定搭配的运用，结合短文语境即可完成填空，是常见的英语基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、阅读理解。
①As a way of passing on knowledge, ideas and creativity(创造力), books have played an important part in human civilization(文明).
②In ancient(古代的) times, there were no books, and people passed on their knowledge by telling stories. The earliest forms of the books were made in ancient Egypt. These early scrolls(卷轴) were used to record stories, laws and history. Later, people learned how to write and make paper. They wrote each word by hand. It took a long time to write just one book, making books rare and expensive.
③In the 15th century, the printing press was invented, changing the book-making business and even the world. This made it possible to print books quickly. Even common people could buy and read books.
④In the 20th century, computers and the internet changed the world again. A new kind of book appeared: the electronic book(e-book). E-books have opened up a new world for readers. They are quickly changing people's reading habits. It is easier for people to buy and sell books online and carry the whole library in their pockets. Therefore, information travels faster and farther.
⑤In a word, the history of the book shows the development of human civilization. From ancient scrolls to e-books, the book has changed to meet the needs of humans. In the future, it is possible that books will continue to change. Now, people have many ways to read books. But more importantly, people should keep on reading!
(
A. By dancing.
B. By singing.
C. Through storytelling.
D. Through scrolls.
(
A. Because people didn't learn to write.
B. Because writing one book by hand needed a lot of time.
C. Because people didn't like reading.
D. Because people were busy inventing the printing press.
(
A. People can read books conveniently(便利地) at any time.
B. E-books have made it difficult to buy and sell paper books online.
C. Reading has become faster but less enjoyable.
D. E-books cannot provide the same reading experience as paper books.
(
A. Books show the development of human civilization.
B. People will have many different ways to read books.
C. Books will continue to change to meet the needs of humans.
D. People should keep reading even if books keep changing.
(
A. ①/②③/④⑤
B. ①/②③④/⑤
C. ①②/③④/⑤
D. ①②③/④/⑤
①As a way of passing on knowledge, ideas and creativity(创造力), books have played an important part in human civilization(文明).
②In ancient(古代的) times, there were no books, and people passed on their knowledge by telling stories. The earliest forms of the books were made in ancient Egypt. These early scrolls(卷轴) were used to record stories, laws and history. Later, people learned how to write and make paper. They wrote each word by hand. It took a long time to write just one book, making books rare and expensive.
③In the 15th century, the printing press was invented, changing the book-making business and even the world. This made it possible to print books quickly. Even common people could buy and read books.
④In the 20th century, computers and the internet changed the world again. A new kind of book appeared: the electronic book(e-book). E-books have opened up a new world for readers. They are quickly changing people's reading habits. It is easier for people to buy and sell books online and carry the whole library in their pockets. Therefore, information travels faster and farther.
⑤In a word, the history of the book shows the development of human civilization. From ancient scrolls to e-books, the book has changed to meet the needs of humans. In the future, it is possible that books will continue to change. Now, people have many ways to read books. But more importantly, people should keep on reading!
(
C
)1. Before books appeared, how did people pass on their knowledge?A. By dancing.
B. By singing.
C. Through storytelling.
D. Through scrolls.
(
B
)2. Why were books expensive in the early days?A. Because people didn't learn to write.
B. Because writing one book by hand needed a lot of time.
C. Because people didn't like reading.
D. Because people were busy inventing the printing press.
(
A
)3. What change have e-books brought to humans according to the passage?A. People can read books conveniently(便利地) at any time.
B. E-books have made it difficult to buy and sell paper books online.
C. Reading has become faster but less enjoyable.
D. E-books cannot provide the same reading experience as paper books.
(
D
)4. What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph?A. Books show the development of human civilization.
B. People will have many different ways to read books.
C. Books will continue to change to meet the needs of humans.
D. People should keep reading even if books keep changing.
(
B
)5. Which of the following best shows the structure(结构) of the passage?A. ①/②③/④⑤
B. ①/②③④/⑤
C. ①②/③④/⑤
D. ①②③/④/⑤
答案
1. C 【点拨】根据第二段中“In ancient(古代的) times, there were no books, and people passed on their knowledge by telling stories.”可知，在古代，人们通过讲故事来传递知识。故选 C。
2. B 【点拨】根据第二段中“It took a long time to write just one book, making books rare and expensive.”可知，是因为手写一本书需要很长时间。故选 B。
3. A 【点拨】根据倒数第二段可知，电子书使人们可以随时便利地阅读。故选 A。
4. D 【点拨】作者在最后一段主要想告诉我们：即使书籍的形式在不断变化，人们也应该坚持阅读。故选 D。
5. B 【点拨】第一段主要介绍了书籍在人类文明传承过程中所起到的重要作用；第二、三、四段讲述书籍的发展历程；第五段总结全文，告诉人们即使书籍的形式在不断变化，人们也应该坚持阅读。故选 B。
2. B 【点拨】根据第二段中“It took a long time to write just one book, making books rare and expensive.”可知，是因为手写一本书需要很长时间。故选 B。
3. A 【点拨】根据倒数第二段可知，电子书使人们可以随时便利地阅读。故选 A。
4. D 【点拨】作者在最后一段主要想告诉我们：即使书籍的形式在不断变化，人们也应该坚持阅读。故选 D。
5. B 【点拨】第一段主要介绍了书籍在人类文明传承过程中所起到的重要作用；第二、三、四段讲述书籍的发展历程；第五段总结全文，告诉人们即使书籍的形式在不断变化，人们也应该坚持阅读。故选 B。
解析
【分析】
做此类英语阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握大意，再针对每个小题的问题，回到原文定位对应段落或句子，对比选项与原文信息，排除错误选项得出正确答案。具体到各题：1题问古代传递知识的方式，定位第二段相关句子；2题问早期书贵的原因，定位第二段对应内容；3题问电子书的影响，定位第四段；4题问最后一段主旨，定位第五段；5题问文章结构，需分析每段的作用，划分层次。
【解析】
1. 根据第二段“In ancient times, there were no books, and people passed on their knowledge by telling stories.”可知，古代人们通过讲故事传递知识，选C。
2. 根据第二段“It took a long time to write just one book, making books rare and expensive.”可知，手写一本书耗时久导致书昂贵，选B。
3. 根据第四段“E-books have opened up a new world for readers... It is easier for people to buy and sell books online and carry the whole library in their pockets.”可知，电子书让人们阅读更便利，选A。
4. 最后一段核心句为“But more importantly, people should keep on reading!”，即即使书籍形式变化，人们也应坚持阅读，选D。
5. 第一段总述书籍的重要性；第二、三、四段讲述书籍的发展历程；第五段总结并呼吁阅读，结构为①/②③④/⑤，选B。
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、文章结构
【点评】本题围绕书籍的发展历史设置题目，涵盖细节查找、主旨理解、结构分析三类考点，难度适中，考查学生快速提取信息和把握文章脉络的能力。
【难度系数】0.6
做此类英语阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握大意，再针对每个小题的问题，回到原文定位对应段落或句子，对比选项与原文信息，排除错误选项得出正确答案。具体到各题：1题问古代传递知识的方式，定位第二段相关句子；2题问早期书贵的原因，定位第二段对应内容；3题问电子书的影响，定位第四段；4题问最后一段主旨，定位第五段；5题问文章结构，需分析每段的作用，划分层次。
【解析】
1. 根据第二段“In ancient times, there were no books, and people passed on their knowledge by telling stories.”可知，古代人们通过讲故事传递知识，选C。
2. 根据第二段“It took a long time to write just one book, making books rare and expensive.”可知，手写一本书耗时久导致书昂贵，选B。
3. 根据第四段“E-books have opened up a new world for readers... It is easier for people to buy and sell books online and carry the whole library in their pockets.”可知，电子书让人们阅读更便利，选A。
4. 最后一段核心句为“But more importantly, people should keep on reading!”，即即使书籍形式变化，人们也应坚持阅读，选D。
5. 第一段总述书籍的重要性；第二、三、四段讲述书籍的发展历程；第五段总结并呼吁阅读，结构为①/②③④/⑤，选B。
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、文章结构
【点评】本题围绕书籍的发展历史设置题目，涵盖细节查找、主旨理解、结构分析三类考点，难度适中，考查学生快速提取信息和把握文章脉络的能力。
【难度系数】0.6
