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四、阅读表达(每个题目的答案不超过5个单词)。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:与自然和谐共生 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
Today more than 20% of the land is desert, and this percentage is growing. There is a picture, for example, from a cave in Algeria(阿尔及利亚). It shows cows and people. The area used to be very green, and plants and grass grew there. Many types of animals lived there. The picture is more than three thousand years old. Today, the cave is in a desert. Why are deserts expanding? There are three main reasons.
One reason is climate. The climate changed and rain did not come every year. The sun was very hot and all the water in the land disappeared(消失).
Another reason is animals. In the past, people who lived near deserts kept goats. Goats like eating plants. They ate the plants, and there weren't any plants to stop the wind. When the wind blew, it blew all the good soil away. Soon, there wasn't any good soil and it was very difficult for plants to grow.
The third reason is people. People cut down trees, so no trees stopped the wind. Also, in some countries, people wanted to make electricity. They changed the direction of the rivers and they built dams. This changed the direction of the underground water in other countries.
In many places this is a very big problem. We have to be very careful about what we do to nature.
1. How much land today is not desert?
2. When was the picture drawn?
3. What can stop the wind and keep the good soil from being blown away?
4. What are the three main reasons for the growth of deserts?
5. What can we do to prevent the desert from increasing?
主题群:自然生态 子主题:与自然和谐共生 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
Today more than 20% of the land is desert, and this percentage is growing. There is a picture, for example, from a cave in Algeria(阿尔及利亚). It shows cows and people. The area used to be very green, and plants and grass grew there. Many types of animals lived there. The picture is more than three thousand years old. Today, the cave is in a desert. Why are deserts expanding? There are three main reasons.
One reason is climate. The climate changed and rain did not come every year. The sun was very hot and all the water in the land disappeared(消失).
Another reason is animals. In the past, people who lived near deserts kept goats. Goats like eating plants. They ate the plants, and there weren't any plants to stop the wind. When the wind blew, it blew all the good soil away. Soon, there wasn't any good soil and it was very difficult for plants to grow.
The third reason is people. People cut down trees, so no trees stopped the wind. Also, in some countries, people wanted to make electricity. They changed the direction of the rivers and they built dams. This changed the direction of the underground water in other countries.
In many places this is a very big problem. We have to be very careful about what we do to nature.
1. How much land today is not desert?
Less than 80%.
2. When was the picture drawn?
Over three thousand years ago.
3. What can stop the wind and keep the good soil from being blown away?
Plants.
4. What are the three main reasons for the growth of deserts?
Climate, animals and people.
5. What can we do to prevent the desert from increasing?
We can plant more trees.(答案不唯一)
答案
1. Less than 80%. 2. Over three thousand years ago.
3. Plants. 4. Climate, animals and people. 5. We can plant more trees.(答案不唯一)
3. Plants. 4. Climate, animals and people. 5. We can plant more trees.(答案不唯一)
解析
【分析】本题为阅读理解细节查找题，需根据每个问题的关键词回到原文定位对应信息，同时注意答案不超过5个单词的要求，逐一匹配原文内容得出答案。
【解析】1. 由原文第一段第一句“Today more than 20% of the land is desert”可知，非沙漠土地占比为100%-20%=80%，故答案为Less than 80%；2. 由原文第一段“The picture is more than three thousand years old”可知，图片绘制时间为Over three thousand years ago；3. 由原文第三段“They ate the plants, and there weren't any plants to stop the wind”可知，能阻止风保持土壤的是Plants；4. 由原文提及的三个原因（climate、animals、people）可知，答案为Climate, animals and people；5. 由原文提到的保护自然的措施（如种树）可知，答案为We can plant more trees。
【答案】1. Less than 80%. 2. Over three thousand years ago. 3. Plants. 4. Climate, animals and people. 5. We can plant more trees.
【知识点】阅读理解细节定位，自然生态语篇理解
【点评】本题为基础阅读细节题，考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，答案简洁符合要求，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 由原文第一段第一句“Today more than 20% of the land is desert”可知，非沙漠土地占比为100%-20%=80%，故答案为Less than 80%；2. 由原文第一段“The picture is more than three thousand years old”可知，图片绘制时间为Over three thousand years ago；3. 由原文第三段“They ate the plants, and there weren't any plants to stop the wind”可知，能阻止风保持土壤的是Plants；4. 由原文提及的三个原因（climate、animals、people）可知，答案为Climate, animals and people；5. 由原文提到的保护自然的措施（如种树）可知，答案为We can plant more trees。
【答案】1. Less than 80%. 2. Over three thousand years ago. 3. Plants. 4. Climate, animals and people. 5. We can plant more trees.
【知识点】阅读理解细节定位，自然生态语篇理解
【点评】本题为基础阅读细节题，考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，答案简洁符合要求，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
