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四、阅读理解。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
[2025 徐州模拟改编]Tsunamis are giant waves in the ocean that get bigger as they come closer to land. They can be very dangerous, flooding cities and destroying homes.
Tsunamis happen when a lot of water is suddenly moved. This can be caused by earthquakes, landslides, volcanoes erupting, or ice breaking off glaciers.
Most tsunamis come from earthquakes. An earthquake happens when a big piece of the earth suddenly moves. Under water, this can make big gaps(裂口) on the ocean floor. When water fills these gaps, a tsunami occurs. After the water is moved by an earthquake, waves spread out from where the water moves. These waves can travel fast and far. Some tsunamis have crossed thousands of miles and moved as fast as 500 miles per hour.
Tsunamis are hard to see in deep water because the waves are small. But near land, they grow tall. When a tsunami reaches the shore(海岸), it can be a high wall of water that rushes inland, sometimes for a long way and very quickly.
Tsunamis can happen in any large body of water, but they are often seen in the Pacific Ocean. Countries like Japan, Chile, and the United States along the Pacific Ocean are at risk. However, tsunamis can happen anywhere. In 2004, a huge earthquake in the Indian Ocean caused a tsunami that killed over 230,000 people.
Coastal areas often have systems to warn about tsunamis. If there's an earthquake that might cause a tsunami, people are told to leave or go to the high ground.
(
A. What can lead to a tsunami?
B. Why are tsunamis dangerous?
C. Which tsunami is the worst in history?
D. Where does a tsunami often take place?
(
A. Disappears.
B. Agrees.
C. Happens.
D. Reaches.
(
A. How tsunamis change the land.
B. Why tsunamis are hard to prevent in deep water.
C. Why tsunami waves are hard to see.
D. How tsunami waves change along the way.
(
A. To take pity on the 230,000 people.
B. To show how terrible a tsunami can be.
C. To explain how dangerous the Indian Ocean is.
D. To tell people to keep away from the Indian Ocean.
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
[2025 徐州模拟改编]Tsunamis are giant waves in the ocean that get bigger as they come closer to land. They can be very dangerous, flooding cities and destroying homes.
Tsunamis happen when a lot of water is suddenly moved. This can be caused by earthquakes, landslides, volcanoes erupting, or ice breaking off glaciers.
Most tsunamis come from earthquakes. An earthquake happens when a big piece of the earth suddenly moves. Under water, this can make big gaps(裂口) on the ocean floor. When water fills these gaps, a tsunami occurs. After the water is moved by an earthquake, waves spread out from where the water moves. These waves can travel fast and far. Some tsunamis have crossed thousands of miles and moved as fast as 500 miles per hour.
Tsunamis are hard to see in deep water because the waves are small. But near land, they grow tall. When a tsunami reaches the shore(海岸), it can be a high wall of water that rushes inland, sometimes for a long way and very quickly.
Tsunamis can happen in any large body of water, but they are often seen in the Pacific Ocean. Countries like Japan, Chile, and the United States along the Pacific Ocean are at risk. However, tsunamis can happen anywhere. In 2004, a huge earthquake in the Indian Ocean caused a tsunami that killed over 230,000 people.
Coastal areas often have systems to warn about tsunamis. If there's an earthquake that might cause a tsunami, people are told to leave or go to the high ground.
(
A
)1. Which question does Paragraph 2 answer?A. What can lead to a tsunami?
B. Why are tsunamis dangerous?
C. Which tsunami is the worst in history?
D. Where does a tsunami often take place?
(
C
)2. What does the underlined word "occurs" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Disappears.
B. Agrees.
C. Happens.
D. Reaches.
(
D
)3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A. How tsunamis change the land.
B. Why tsunamis are hard to prevent in deep water.
C. Why tsunami waves are hard to see.
D. How tsunami waves change along the way.
(
B
)4. Why does the writer talk about the tsunami in 2004 in Paragraph 5?A. To take pity on the 230,000 people.
B. To show how terrible a tsunami can be.
C. To explain how dangerous the Indian Ocean is.
D. To tell people to keep away from the Indian Ocean.
答案
1～4. ACDB
解析
【分析】
先逐题梳理解题思路：第1题，定位第二段内容，明确其核心是介绍海啸发生的原因，对应选项A；第2题，结合第三段划线词的语境判断词义，当地震引发的海底裂口被水填充时，海啸就“发生”了，对应选项C；第3题，概括第四段内容，其讲述海啸在深水和近岸的形态变化，对应选项D；第4题，分析第五段举2004年海啸例子的目的，是为了体现海啸的危害性，对应选项B。
【解析】
1. 第二段内容为“海啸发生是因为大量水突然移动，原因包括地震、滑坡等”，核心是回答“什么导致海啸”，故选A。
2. 划线词所在句意为“当水填充这些裂口时，海啸就发生了”，occurs意为“发生”，对应C选项。
3. 第四段分别介绍海啸在深水（难见）和近岸（变高）的变化，核心是海啸的沿途变化，故选D。
4. 第五段举2004年印度洋海啸的例子，是为了说明海啸的可怕，故选B。
【答案】
1～4. ACDB
【知识点】
细节理解 词义猜测 主旨大意
【点评】
本题围绕灾害防范主题，考查阅读理解的多种核心技能，题型常规，难度适中，适合模拟练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
先逐题梳理解题思路：第1题，定位第二段内容，明确其核心是介绍海啸发生的原因，对应选项A；第2题，结合第三段划线词的语境判断词义，当地震引发的海底裂口被水填充时，海啸就“发生”了，对应选项C；第3题，概括第四段内容，其讲述海啸在深水和近岸的形态变化，对应选项D；第4题，分析第五段举2004年海啸例子的目的，是为了体现海啸的危害性，对应选项B。
【解析】
1. 第二段内容为“海啸发生是因为大量水突然移动，原因包括地震、滑坡等”，核心是回答“什么导致海啸”，故选A。
2. 划线词所在句意为“当水填充这些裂口时，海啸就发生了”，occurs意为“发生”，对应C选项。
3. 第四段分别介绍海啸在深水（难见）和近岸（变高）的变化，核心是海啸的沿途变化，故选D。
4. 第五段举2004年印度洋海啸的例子，是为了说明海啸的可怕，故选B。
【答案】
1～4. ACDB
【知识点】
细节理解 词义猜测 主旨大意
【点评】
本题围绕灾害防范主题，考查阅读理解的多种核心技能，题型常规，难度适中，适合模拟练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
