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一、阅读理解。
A
When people talk about space travel, they often think of rockets and planets. But few people really understand how important spacesuits are. They are not just the clothes astronauts wear. They are like a personal, human-shaped spacecraft that carries everything people need to stay alive in space.
Space is very dangerous. There is no air. The temperature can be terribly high or low. Small rocks in space travel so fast that they can easily hurt people. So spacesuits must protect astronauts from all these dangers.
A spacesuit has many important parts. It must bring clean air for the astronaut to breathe. It also helps keep an astronaut at a right temperature. Special strong cloth stops dangerous rocks and rays. There are also gloves that let astronauts work freely, and helmets to protect their heads and eyes.
Today’s spacesuits are much better than those in the early years. But scientists are still making new ones. They want to make spacesuits lighter, stronger and easier to wear. If humans want to stay longer on the moon or Mars, better spacesuits will be a must.
In fact, spacesuits are one of the greatest inventions for space travel. Without them, no one can walk outside the spaceship. They help humans turn impossible dreams into real steps in space.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
A. They are only beautiful clothes.
B. They can fly like small spaceships.
C. They are less important than rockets.
D. They can keep people alive in space.
(
A. To provide clean air.
B. To keep the right temperature.
C. To help astronauts fly faster.
D. To protect against dangerous rocks.
(
A. Make them cheaper.
B. Make them lighter and stronger.
C. Make them look more fashionable.
D. Make them heavier for better protection.
A
When people talk about space travel, they often think of rockets and planets. But few people really understand how important spacesuits are. They are not just the clothes astronauts wear. They are like a personal, human-shaped spacecraft that carries everything people need to stay alive in space.
Space is very dangerous. There is no air. The temperature can be terribly high or low. Small rocks in space travel so fast that they can easily hurt people. So spacesuits must protect astronauts from all these dangers.
A spacesuit has many important parts. It must bring clean air for the astronaut to breathe. It also helps keep an astronaut at a right temperature. Special strong cloth stops dangerous rocks and rays. There are also gloves that let astronauts work freely, and helmets to protect their heads and eyes.
Today’s spacesuits are much better than those in the early years. But scientists are still making new ones. They want to make spacesuits lighter, stronger and easier to wear. If humans want to stay longer on the moon or Mars, better spacesuits will be a must.
In fact, spacesuits are one of the greatest inventions for space travel. Without them, no one can walk outside the spaceship. They help humans turn impossible dreams into real steps in space.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
D
)1. What can we know about spacesuits?A. They are only beautiful clothes.
B. They can fly like small spaceships.
C. They are less important than rockets.
D. They can keep people alive in space.
(
C
)2. What is NOT the job of a spacesuit according to Paragraph 3?A. To provide clean air.
B. To keep the right temperature.
C. To help astronauts fly faster.
D. To protect against dangerous rocks.
(
B
)3. What are scientists trying to do with spacesuits now?A. Make them cheaper.
B. Make them lighter and stronger.
C. Make them look more fashionable.
D. Make them heavier for better protection.
答案
1. D
2. C 由第三段可知，宇航服有供氧、保温、防高速石块、保护头部和眼睛等功能。
3. B 由第四段“They want to make spacesuits lighter, stronger and easier to wear”可知，B选项符合题意。
2. C 由第三段可知，宇航服有供氧、保温、防高速石块、保护头部和眼睛等功能。
3. B 由第四段“They want to make spacesuits lighter, stronger and easier to wear”可知，B选项符合题意。
解析
【分析】做这类英语阅读理解选择题，需先通读原文把握大意，再针对每道题的题干关键词，回到原文对应段落定位相关信息，逐一对比选项，排除与原文不符的错误选项，选出符合题意的正确答案。具体来说：第1题围绕“宇航服的特点”找原文对应描述；第2题聚焦第三段内容，筛选宇航服的功能，找出未提及的选项；第3题定位第四段中科学家对宇航服的改进方向，匹配选项。
【解析】1. 定位原文第一段：“They are like a personal, human-shaped spacecraft that carries everything people need to stay alive in space.” 可知宇航服能携带人类在太空生存所需的一切，D选项“它们能让人在太空存活”符合；A选项“只是漂亮衣服”与原文“not just the clothes”不符；B选项“能像小宇宙飞船一样飞”原文未提及；C选项“比火箭不重要”与原文强调宇航服重要性的表述不符，故选D。
2. 定位原文第三段：宇航服的功能包括提供清洁空气、保持合适温度、阻挡危险岩石、保护头部和眼睛，未提及“帮助宇航员飞得更快”，故选C。
3. 定位原文第四段：“They want to make spacesuits lighter, stronger and easier to wear.” 可知科学家正努力让宇航服更轻、更强，B选项符合；A、C、D选项原文均未提及，故选B。
【答案】1.D 2.C 3.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解，细节信息查找
【点评】本题为英语阅读理解基础题型，主要考查学生快速定位原文细节、筛选关键信息的能力，题目难度较低，只要能准确找到原文对应内容即可轻松作答。
【难度系数】0.8
【解析】1. 定位原文第一段：“They are like a personal, human-shaped spacecraft that carries everything people need to stay alive in space.” 可知宇航服能携带人类在太空生存所需的一切，D选项“它们能让人在太空存活”符合；A选项“只是漂亮衣服”与原文“not just the clothes”不符；B选项“能像小宇宙飞船一样飞”原文未提及；C选项“比火箭不重要”与原文强调宇航服重要性的表述不符，故选D。
2. 定位原文第三段：宇航服的功能包括提供清洁空气、保持合适温度、阻挡危险岩石、保护头部和眼睛，未提及“帮助宇航员飞得更快”，故选C。
3. 定位原文第四段：“They want to make spacesuits lighter, stronger and easier to wear.” 可知科学家正努力让宇航服更轻、更强，B选项符合；A、C、D选项原文均未提及，故选B。
【答案】1.D 2.C 3.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解，细节信息查找
【点评】本题为英语阅读理解基础题型，主要考查学生快速定位原文细节、筛选关键信息的能力，题目难度较低，只要能准确找到原文对应内容即可轻松作答。
【难度系数】0.8
B
Last Saturday, I took a trip to China Space Museum with my classmates. It was a wonderful chance for us to learn about China's space industry. As soon as we arrived, we were amazed by many large models outside the gate.
Inside the museum, we saw models of Long March Rockets, Shenzhou spaceships and man-made satellites. We also watched real spacesuits that astronauts had worn. The tour guide told us how these things worked and how Chinese astronauts completed difficult tasks in space. We listened carefully and took lots of notes.
What moved me most was the history of China's space development. In the early years, our country had nothing, but scientists worked day and night. They got over thousands of difficulties and made our space industry grow rapidly. Now China has become one of the strongest countries in space exploration.
During the trip, I also took many photos and talked with my classmates about our dreams. I greatly hope to become a scientist and make contributions to our country's space development in the future. This trip was not just fun, but also taught me the importance of hard work and courage.
I will never forget this meaningful day. It makes me take pride in my country and encourages me to study harder from now on.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
A. Because the museum was too small.
B. Because there were too many visitors.
C. Because the guide told them amazing stories.
D. Because they saw many large models outside.
(
A. Overcame.
B. Gave up.
C. Looked for.
D. Paid for.
(
A. There are no real spacesuits for visitors to see.
B. All the objects are made by foreign scientists.
C. They show the whole process of China's space growth.
D. Visitors can only watch the models of rockets and spaceships.
(
A. The writer has no interest in space exploration.
B. China's space industry developed easily first.
C. The trip influenced the writer's future dream a lot.
D. The writer took the trip only for fun and photos.
(
A. How to visit China Space Museum.
B. The writer's trip to the space museum.
C. The history of Long March Rockets in China.
D. The ways to become an astronaut in the future.
Last Saturday, I took a trip to China Space Museum with my classmates. It was a wonderful chance for us to learn about China's space industry. As soon as we arrived, we were amazed by many large models outside the gate.
Inside the museum, we saw models of Long March Rockets, Shenzhou spaceships and man-made satellites. We also watched real spacesuits that astronauts had worn. The tour guide told us how these things worked and how Chinese astronauts completed difficult tasks in space. We listened carefully and took lots of notes.
What moved me most was the history of China's space development. In the early years, our country had nothing, but scientists worked day and night. They got over thousands of difficulties and made our space industry grow rapidly. Now China has become one of the strongest countries in space exploration.
During the trip, I also took many photos and talked with my classmates about our dreams. I greatly hope to become a scientist and make contributions to our country's space development in the future. This trip was not just fun, but also taught me the importance of hard work and courage.
I will never forget this meaningful day. It makes me take pride in my country and encourages me to study harder from now on.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
D
)4. Why did the writer and his classmates feel amazed when they arrived at the museum?A. Because the museum was too small.
B. Because there were too many visitors.
C. Because the guide told them amazing stories.
D. Because they saw many large models outside.
(
A
)5. What does the underlined phrase "got over" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Overcame.
B. Gave up.
C. Looked for.
D. Paid for.
(
C
)6. Which of the following is TRUE about the things in the museum?A. There are no real spacesuits for visitors to see.
B. All the objects are made by foreign scientists.
C. They show the whole process of China's space growth.
D. Visitors can only watch the models of rockets and spaceships.
(
C
)7. What can we guess from the passage?A. The writer has no interest in space exploration.
B. China's space industry developed easily first.
C. The trip influenced the writer's future dream a lot.
D. The writer took the trip only for fun and photos.
(
B
)8. What is the main idea of the passage?A. How to visit China Space Museum.
B. The writer's trip to the space museum.
C. The history of Long March Rockets in China.
D. The ways to become an astronaut in the future.
答案
4. D
5. A overcome意为“克服”，符合“科学家们日夜工作，克服了成千上万的困难……”的语境。
6. C
7. C 由“I greatly hope to become a scientist ...”可推断，这次旅行深刻影响了作者未来的梦想。
8. B 全文讲述了作者参观中国航天博物馆的所见所感，以及这次旅行带来的教育意义。故选B。
5. A overcome意为“克服”，符合“科学家们日夜工作，克服了成千上万的困难……”的语境。
6. C
7. C 由“I greatly hope to become a scientist ...”可推断，这次旅行深刻影响了作者未来的梦想。
8. B 全文讲述了作者参观中国航天博物馆的所见所感，以及这次旅行带来的教育意义。故选B。
解析
【分析】
1. 第4题：需定位原文中“到达博物馆时惊讶”的原因，找到对应语句匹配选项；
2. 第5题：结合第三段语境推测短语含义，匹配符合语境的词义；
3. 第6题：逐一核对选项与原文内容，排除错误选项后确定正确答案；
4. 第7题：根据原文中作者的梦想表述，结合旅行的意义进行合理推断；
5. 第8题：概括全文核心内容，确定文章主旨。
【解析】
4. 定位原文第一段“As soon as we arrived, we were amazed by many large models outside the gate.”，可知惊讶的原因是看到门外的许多大型模型，故选D；
5. 第三段语境为“科学家日夜工作，克服成千上万的困难推动航天工业发展”，got over在此处意为“克服”，overcame（克服）符合语境，故选A；
6. 逐一验证选项：A项原文提到有真实宇航服，排除；B项物品是中国科学家的成果，排除；D项除模型外还有真实宇航服等，排除；C项原文展示了航天发展的历史，符合，故选C；
7. 原文第四段提到作者希望未来成为科学家，结合旅行的教育意义，可推断旅行深刻影响了作者的未来梦想，故选C；
8. 全文围绕作者参观中国航天博物馆的所见所感及收获展开，主旨为作者的航天博物馆之旅，故选B。
【答案】
4.D 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B
【知识点】
初中英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本文为记叙文，围绕参观中国航天博物馆的经历设题，考查学生对文章细节、词义、主旨及隐含信息的理解，需学生精准定位原文，结合语境分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.3
1. 第4题：需定位原文中“到达博物馆时惊讶”的原因，找到对应语句匹配选项；
2. 第5题：结合第三段语境推测短语含义，匹配符合语境的词义；
3. 第6题：逐一核对选项与原文内容，排除错误选项后确定正确答案；
4. 第7题：根据原文中作者的梦想表述，结合旅行的意义进行合理推断；
5. 第8题：概括全文核心内容，确定文章主旨。
【解析】
4. 定位原文第一段“As soon as we arrived, we were amazed by many large models outside the gate.”，可知惊讶的原因是看到门外的许多大型模型，故选D；
5. 第三段语境为“科学家日夜工作，克服成千上万的困难推动航天工业发展”，got over在此处意为“克服”，overcame（克服）符合语境，故选A；
6. 逐一验证选项：A项原文提到有真实宇航服，排除；B项物品是中国科学家的成果，排除；D项除模型外还有真实宇航服等，排除；C项原文展示了航天发展的历史，符合，故选C；
7. 原文第四段提到作者希望未来成为科学家，结合旅行的教育意义，可推断旅行深刻影响了作者的未来梦想，故选C；
8. 全文围绕作者参观中国航天博物馆的所见所感及收获展开，主旨为作者的航天博物馆之旅，故选B。
【答案】
4.D 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B
【知识点】
初中英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本文为记叙文，围绕参观中国航天博物馆的经历设题，考查学生对文章细节、词义、主旨及隐含信息的理解，需学生精准定位原文，结合语境分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.3
