一、根据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文解释，写出句中所缺单词，每空限填一词。
1. Don't do anything against the laws, or you will be (惩罚).
2. The Second World War (分开)many people from their families.
3. We should learn how to spend our pocket money (明智地).
4. It is known to all that he is one of the (富有的)people in the world today.
5. She bought a (二手的)bicycle online. It was much cheaper than a new one and worked perfectly.
6. With great courage and effort, the pilot, a national hero, (成功地)landed the plane, saving over 100 people.
7. He filled the pot with rich, dark s for his new plant.
8. If you c a lot in public, it's polite to cover your mouth with your elbow(肘)to prevent germs spreading.
9. People are not (let sb. do sth.)to smoke here.
10. The injured bird could (almost not)fly, so we gently placed it in a small box to keep it safe.

1. punished 2. separated 3. wisely 4. richest 5. second-hand 6. successfully 7. soil 8. cough 9. allowed 10. hardly

【分析】本题为根据句意及提示填单词的题型，需结合中文提示、首字母或英文释义，同时关注单词的词性、时态、形式变化（如被动语态、副词修饰动词、形容词最高级等），逐题分析语境，确定所需单词的正确形式。
【解析】1. 句意为“不要做任何违法的事，否则你会被惩罚”，此处为被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，“惩罚”的过去分词是punished；2. 句意为“第二次世界大战把很多人从家人身边分开”，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，“分开”的过去式为separated；3. 句意为“我们应该学习如何明智地花零花钱”，修饰动词spend需用副词，“明智地”是wisely；4. 句意为“众所周知，他是当今世界上最富有的人之一”，“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”为固定结构，“富有的”最高级是richest；5. 句意为“她在网上买了一辆二手自行车”，“二手的”对应复合形容词second-hand；6. 句意为“这位飞行员成功地降落了飞机”，修饰动词landed需用副词，“成功地”是successfully；7. 句意为“他为新植物装满了肥沃的深色土壤”，结合首字母s和语境，填soil（土壤）；8. 句意为“如果你在公共场合咳嗽很多”，结合首字母c和语境，填cough（咳嗽）；9. 句意为“人们不被允许在这里吸烟”，英文释义为“let sb. do sth.”，此处为被动结构“be allowed to do sth.”，填allowed；10. 句意为“这只受伤的鸟几乎不能飞”，英文释义为“almost not”，填hardly（几乎不）。
【答案】1. punished 2. separated 3. wisely 4. richest 5. second-hand 6. successfully 7. soil 8. cough 9. allowed 10. hardly
【知识点】词汇运用、词性转换、动词形式
【点评】本题为初中英语基础词汇填空题，考察核心词汇拼写、词性变化及语境运用，涉及被动语态、形容词最高级等基础语法，是常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.8

二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.(2025·泰州模拟)Rubbish (separate)into groups in many other cities now, following the practice in Shanghai.
2.(2024·呼和浩特改编)— Don't worry about the environment. We promise we'll pick up the litter after the picnic.
— Remember not to mix the (recycle)waste with other kinds.
3. — Lost years are worse than lost dollars.
— I (total)agree.
4. — What's up, Sandy?
— Look! What a mess! Somebody (break)that window.
5.(2025·宿迁宿豫区期中)The earlier you travel (wide), the better you can learn the lessons travelling can teach you.
6. All Chinese people are working hard (achieve)the Chinese Dream.
7. Air pollution from cars and factories is a serious problem in many big cities, making it hard (breathe)and harming our health.
8.(2025·无锡模拟改编)Three years ago, this river (pollute)because of the waste from local factories.
9. — Which should we start with, Water World or Space World?
— Either is OK. It makes no (different)to me.
10. The teacher says we can protect our environment by (recycle)waste.

1. is separated 2. recyclable 3. totally 4. has broken 5. widely 6. to achieve 7. to breathe 8. was polluted 9. difference 10. recycling

【分析】本题为用所给单词适当形式填空题型，主要考查动词的时态与语态、词性转换、非谓语动词及固定搭配等知识点。解题时需先分析句子结构，明确所填词在句中的成分，结合语境、时态语态要求及固定搭配规则，对所给单词进行合理变形。
【解析】
1. 主语rubbish（垃圾）与动词separate（分离）为被动关系，时间状语为now，需用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词），rubbish为不可数名词，故填is separated。
2. 此处修饰名词waste（垃圾），需用形容词，recycle的形容词形式为recyclable（可回收的），故填recyclable。
3. 此处修饰动词agree（同意），需用副词，total的副词形式为totally（完全地），故填totally。
4. 句意为“有人打破了窗户”，是过去动作对现在造成的影响（窗户现在是破的），需用现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词），主语somebody为单数，故填has broken。
5. 此处修饰动词travel（旅行），需用副词，wide的副词形式为widely（广泛地），故填widely。
6. 此处表动作的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to achieve。
7. 固定搭配make it + adj + to do sth.（使做某事……），it为形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的不定式，故填to breathe。
8. 时间状语three years ago表过去，主语river与pollute（污染）为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词），river为单数，故填was polluted。
9. 固定搭配make no difference（没有影响；无所谓），此处需用名词，故填difference。
10. by为介词，后接动名词作宾语，recycle的动名词形式为recycling，故填recycling。
【答案】1. is separated 2. recyclable 3. totally 4. has broken 5. widely 6. to achieve 7. to breathe 8. was polluted 9. difference 10. recycling
【知识点】动词时态语态、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】本题为初中英语基础题型，侧重考查核心词汇变形规则及基础语法（时态、语态、非谓语等），是英语学习的必备考点，需熟练掌握相关规则。
【难度系数】0.7