专练五 首字母填空(2)
A
Xinghua is a modern city now. Great changes have 1. t place over the past few years, including living conditions, transport, environment and people. Local people used to
2. l in old houses. They could only travel by bus. Now most of them have moved into new flats and there are cars everywhere. Most people are used to 3. t on business in their cars. It's really convenient. Moreover, the government has turned parts of the city into beautiful parks. People often go to parks to relax themselves after a hard 4. d work.
Another big change is the environment. In the past, people threw rubbish everywhere. Waste was put into rivers. The rivers were filled with 5. p. Now the government has managed to 6. i the environment. If people throw rubbish carelessly in public, they will be 7. p. As a result, Xinghua is becoming more and more beautiful.
People in the city are trying to be polite citizens. More people are willing to give a
8. h hand if someone is in need. Every year, 9. t of visitors come to the city. Daniel, a middle school student who is also kind and helpful often helps show the visitors around the city at weekends. He thinks his life is much more interesting now.
Many hands make light work. People in Xinghua believe that if they work together, they can surely make Xinghua a 10. b place.

1. taken 2. live 3. travelling 4. day's 5. pollution 6. improve
7. punished 8. helping 9. thousands 10. better

【分析】
做这道首字母填空题，首先先通读整篇短文，明确文章核心主题是介绍兴化近些年来在居住、交通、环境、市民素养等方面发生的巨大变化，理清整体叙事逻辑后，再逐个结合空格前后的搭配、给出的首字母提示、语法规则和上下文语境推导所需词汇，还要特别注意动词的时态、非谓语变形、名词所有格、语态等词形变化，全部填完后再通读全文验证逻辑是否通顺、形式是否符合语法要求。
【解析】
1. 句意：过去几年间发生了巨大的变化，涵盖居住条件、交通、环境和人文等方面。固定搭配take place表示“发生”，句中已有助动词have，是现在完成时结构have+动词过去分词，take的过去分词是taken，故填taken。
2. 句意：当地人过去常常住在老房子里。固定结构used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，后面接动词原形，结合首字母和“在老房子里”的语境，填live，live in表示“居住在”。
3. 句意：大部分人已经习惯开着自己的车出差旅行。固定结构be used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”，to是介词后面接动名词，结合on business（出差）的语境，travel的动名词形式是travelling，故填travelling。
4. 句意：人们在一天的辛苦工作之后经常去公园放松自己。此处要表达“一天的”，用名词所有格修饰名词work，故填day's。
5. 句意：河流里满是污染。前文提到过去人们到处扔垃圾、废水排入河流，结合首字母p，pollution表示“污染”，是不可数名词，符合语境，故填pollution。
6. 句意：现在政府已经设法改善环境了。固定结构manage to do sth. 表示“设法做成某事”，后面接动词原形，结合语境政府治理环境是为了改善环境，故填improve。
7. 句意：如果人们在公共场合随意扔垃圾，他们将会被惩罚。此处是一般将来时的被动语态结构will be+动词过去分词，乱扔垃圾会被处罚，punish的过去分词是punished，故填punished。
8. 句意：更多人愿意在别人有需要的时候伸出援手。固定搭配give a helping hand表示“伸出援助之手”，故填helping。
9. 句意：每年成千上万的游客来到这座城市。固定搭配thousands of表示“成千上万的，数以千计的”，用来修饰可数名词复数visitors，故填thousands。
10. 句意：兴化的人们相信如果齐心协力，一定能让兴化成为一个更好的地方。此处暗含和现在的情况作比较，用形容词比较级better，表示“更好的”，符合语境，故填better。
【答案】
1. taken 2. live 3. travelling 4. day's 5. pollution 6. improve 7. punished 8. helping 9. thousands 10. better
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，动词时态语态，名词所有格
【点评】
本题是生活化的叙事类首字母填空，围绕城市发展变迁的主题展开，考点覆盖初中英语核心的词法、句法知识点，既要求学生有扎实的短语词汇积累，也要求学生具备基本的语篇上下文逻辑推导能力，能有效考察学生的综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6

B
Taking public transport, making payments online or just walking around—these daily activities can help turn China's deserts into forests if you are using Ant Forest.
Ant Forest is a feature in the Alipay mobile payment app. It records users' low-carbon activities—taking a bus to work 1. i of driving, for example—and gives users "green energy". When a user's green energy gets high 2. e, Ant Forest and its partners will plant a real tree for that person. Ant Forest 3. r the 2019 Champions of the Earth Award(地球卫士奖), the UN's highest environmental honor, for encouraging people to live greener lifestyles and protect the environment.
4. S its launch(发起) in August 2016, Ant Forest and its partners have planted about 122 million trees in China's driest areas, which include regions in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Shanxi, reported Xinhua News Agency. The trees 5. c an area of 112,000 hectares. The project has become China's largest private-sector tree-planting initiative(倡议).
This is only part of China's efforts to make Earth 6. g. In 1978, China began a national-level forestation(造林) project—the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program, also known as the "Great Green Wall". The program has improved living conditions and
7. d local business, according to China Daily.
It's reported the forest coverage rate(覆盖率) among the regions of the project
8. r 13.57 percent in 2017, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago.
In light of China's success against desertification, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) believes the country is a good 9. e for others to follow.
"China is one of the most 10. s countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world. " former UNEP Executive Director Erik Solheim told Xinhua.

1. instead 2. enough 3. received 4. Since 5. cover 6. green 7. developed
8. raised 9. example 10. successful

【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的首字母完形填空题，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍支付宝蚂蚁森林项目以及中国在荒漠化治理、国土绿化上取得的成就，把握整体语境后再逐空推导：第一步先观察每个空格前后的词汇搭配、句子时态提示，结合给出的首字母，先联想对应首字母的常用词汇，再代入验证是否符合语义逻辑和语法规则，遇到不确定的空可以先跳过，做完其他空后再结合前后文线索补全，最后通读检查所有答案是否通顺合理。
【解析】
1. 空后有介词of，结合语境“坐公交上班而不是开车”，固定搭配instead of表示“代替、而不是”，符合语义，填instead。
2. 句意为“当用户的绿色能量足够高时，蚂蚁森林和合作方就会为用户种下一棵真树”，enough修饰形容词high时要后置，意为“足够地”，符合语境，填enough。
3. 句意为“蚂蚁森林获得了2019年地球卫士奖”，获奖是过去发生的动作，要用一般过去时，receive的过去式received符合语义和时态，填received。
4. 后面接时间点“2016年8月发起”，主句用的是现在完成时，Since引导时间状语表示“自从……以来”，完全符合时态和语境要求，填Since。
5. 句意为“这些树木覆盖了11.2万公顷的面积”，cover有“覆盖（面积）”的含义，主语trees是复数，一般现在时谓语用原形，填cover。
6. 前文都在讲植树造林绿化环境，句意为“这只是中国为让地球变绿所做努力的一部分”，green表示“绿色的”，符合语境，填green。
7. 句意为“该项目改善了生活条件，也发展了当地产业”，and并列两个谓语，前面improved是过去分词，这里develop的过去分词developed符合结构和语义，填developed。
8. 句意为“该项目涉及区域的森林覆盖率在2017年提升到了13.57%”，raise表示“提升、提高”，这里用过去式raised符合2017年的过去时间语境，填raised。
9. 句意为“联合国环境规划署认为中国是其他国家可以效仿的好榜样”，example表示“榜样、例子”，符合语义，填example。
10. 固定结构one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数，意为“最……的之一”，句意为“中国是在荒漠绿化方面最成功的国家之一”，successful表示“成功的”，符合语境，填successful。
【答案】
1. instead 2. enough 3. received 4. Since 5. cover 6. green 7. developed 8. raised 9. example 10. successful
【知识点】
首字母填空，固定短语搭配，语境词义辨析
【点评】
本题选取贴近生活的蚂蚁森林热点和中国环保成就作为语料，既考察学生对常用固定搭配的掌握，也要求学生能结合上下文时态、语义逻辑推导合适的词汇，难度梯度平缓，能有效检验学生的语篇理解能力和词汇运用能力，同时也能让学生了解我国的环保成果。
【难度系数】
0.65