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二、阅读理解
Travel can make us feel better. New places bring excitement and it turns out that there is a science behind — "dopamine (多巴胺) and serotonin (血清素)". Travel experts explain (解释) that dopamine and serotonin levels go up when we travel.
Dopamine is one of the key chemicals. It can make us feel happy. When we join in activities that we enjoy, our brains will release (释放) it and it'll give us a sense of joy and satisfaction. Serotonin is another key chemical. It is important to our mood, sleep, and diet. Our serotonin levels will drop when we get less daylight in winter. In short, the more dopamine and serotonin we have, the happier we will feel.
Here's how it actually makes us happier:
Vitamin D can be boosted As we know, vitamin D is naturally made by the skin when we're in the sun. When vitamin D boosts (增强) from sunlight, it will help the production of serotonin, to improve our sleep quality, and even reduce our stress (压力).
Negative ions (负离子) are ▲ things Negative ions are mostly found in fresh air, especially near bodies of water like oceans and waterfalls, and in forests. They have been shown to increase (升高) serotonin levels, energy levels, boost immune systems (免疫系统), and reduce stress levels. If we spent time on the beach, listening to the sound of crashing waves and feeling our stress wash away, that might be due to the negative ions.
Travelling makes you social Social interaction (社交互动) also helps the release of both dopamine and serotonin. If we try a group tour, the new experiences and activities will also boost our dopamine and serotonin levels.
Close to wildlife The beauty of nature can have a calming effect on the mind and body, and spending time in nature has been shown to reduce stress levels and promote relaxation. Watching the wonders of nature and seeing animals in their natural habitat can boost dopamine and serotonin levels. And the physical activities like walking and hiking also have a mood-boosting effect.
()1. What's the purpose of Paragraph 2?
A. To ask some questions about the topic.
B. To explain the importance of the topic.
C. To show the result of discussing the topic.
D. To introduce some knowledge about the topic.
()2. Which of the following words can be put in " ▲ "?
A. bad
B. good
C. useless
D. expensive
()3. According to the passage, which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. A campfire party often makes you feel down.
B. Walking on the beach is a good way to reduce stress.
C. The more sunlight you get, the better sleep you may have.
D. Going birdwatching in forests can make you feel relaxed.
()4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The problems we may have during our trip.
B. The science behind how travel makes us happier.
C. The tips on how to have a happier travel experience.
D. The steps to release dopamine and serotonin in our body.
Travel can make us feel better. New places bring excitement and it turns out that there is a science behind — "dopamine (多巴胺) and serotonin (血清素)". Travel experts explain (解释) that dopamine and serotonin levels go up when we travel.
Dopamine is one of the key chemicals. It can make us feel happy. When we join in activities that we enjoy, our brains will release (释放) it and it'll give us a sense of joy and satisfaction. Serotonin is another key chemical. It is important to our mood, sleep, and diet. Our serotonin levels will drop when we get less daylight in winter. In short, the more dopamine and serotonin we have, the happier we will feel.
Here's how it actually makes us happier:
Vitamin D can be boosted As we know, vitamin D is naturally made by the skin when we're in the sun. When vitamin D boosts (增强) from sunlight, it will help the production of serotonin, to improve our sleep quality, and even reduce our stress (压力).
Negative ions (负离子) are ▲ things Negative ions are mostly found in fresh air, especially near bodies of water like oceans and waterfalls, and in forests. They have been shown to increase (升高) serotonin levels, energy levels, boost immune systems (免疫系统), and reduce stress levels. If we spent time on the beach, listening to the sound of crashing waves and feeling our stress wash away, that might be due to the negative ions.
Travelling makes you social Social interaction (社交互动) also helps the release of both dopamine and serotonin. If we try a group tour, the new experiences and activities will also boost our dopamine and serotonin levels.
Close to wildlife The beauty of nature can have a calming effect on the mind and body, and spending time in nature has been shown to reduce stress levels and promote relaxation. Watching the wonders of nature and seeing animals in their natural habitat can boost dopamine and serotonin levels. And the physical activities like walking and hiking also have a mood-boosting effect.
()1. What's the purpose of Paragraph 2?
A. To ask some questions about the topic.
B. To explain the importance of the topic.
C. To show the result of discussing the topic.
D. To introduce some knowledge about the topic.
()2. Which of the following words can be put in " ▲ "?
A. bad
B. good
C. useless
D. expensive
()3. According to the passage, which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. A campfire party often makes you feel down.
B. Walking on the beach is a good way to reduce stress.
C. The more sunlight you get, the better sleep you may have.
D. Going birdwatching in forests can make you feel relaxed.
()4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The problems we may have during our trip.
B. The science behind how travel makes us happier.
C. The tips on how to have a happier travel experience.
D. The steps to release dopamine and serotonin in our body.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了旅游让我们更开心的背后科学。
1. D 推理判断题。根据“Dopamine is one of the key chemicals. It can make us feel happy. When we join in activities that we enjoy... Serotonin is another key chemical. It is important to our mood, sleep, and diet. Our serotonin levels will drop...”可知，本段主要介绍了多巴胺的产生以及作用和血清素的一些重要作用，因此本段主要是为了介绍一些知识性内容。故选 D。
2. B 补全文章题。根据“They have been shown to increase serotonin levels, energy levels, boost immune systems, and reduce stress levels.”可知，负离子有增加血清素、能量水平，提高免疫系统的好处，所以它是好东西。故选 B。
3. A 判断正误题。根据“Social interaction also helps the release of both dopamine and serotonin.”可知，社交活动可以帮助多巴胺和血清素的释放，篝火聚会属于社交活动，因此会让你变高兴而不是让你变低落。故选 A。
4. B 主旨大意题。根据“Travel can make us feel better. New places bring excitement and it turns out that there is a science behind—‘dopamine and serotonin’.”可知，本文主要介绍了旅游能让我们更开心是因为身体内部产生了多巴胺和血清素，并具体介绍了它们是如何让我们更开心的。因此选项 B“旅游让我们更开心的背后科学”符合文章主旨。故选 B。
1. D 推理判断题。根据“Dopamine is one of the key chemicals. It can make us feel happy. When we join in activities that we enjoy... Serotonin is another key chemical. It is important to our mood, sleep, and diet. Our serotonin levels will drop...”可知，本段主要介绍了多巴胺的产生以及作用和血清素的一些重要作用，因此本段主要是为了介绍一些知识性内容。故选 D。
2. B 补全文章题。根据“They have been shown to increase serotonin levels, energy levels, boost immune systems, and reduce stress levels.”可知，负离子有增加血清素、能量水平，提高免疫系统的好处，所以它是好东西。故选 B。
3. A 判断正误题。根据“Social interaction also helps the release of both dopamine and serotonin.”可知，社交活动可以帮助多巴胺和血清素的释放，篝火聚会属于社交活动，因此会让你变高兴而不是让你变低落。故选 A。
4. B 主旨大意题。根据“Travel can make us feel better. New places bring excitement and it turns out that there is a science behind—‘dopamine and serotonin’.”可知，本文主要介绍了旅游能让我们更开心是因为身体内部产生了多巴胺和血清素，并具体介绍了它们是如何让我们更开心的。因此选项 B“旅游让我们更开心的背后科学”符合文章主旨。故选 B。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍旅行使人愉悦背后科学原理的说明文，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心围绕多巴胺、血清素两种影响情绪的化学物质，解释旅行提升二者水平从而让人更快乐的机制。之后逐题对应考点梳理思路：1. 针对段落作用题，先定位第二段内容，判断段落是对两种核心化学物质的基础科普，匹配对应选项；2. 针对词义推断题，结合空格后文对负离子的正向作用描述，推断该词的褒义属性；3. 针对细节正误判断题，将每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，找出不符合原文表述的选项；4. 针对主旨大意题，抓住开篇总起句的核心，排除偏离主题的干扰项，锁定全文核心论述对象。
【解析】
1. 推理判断题：第二段分别介绍了多巴胺的功能、分泌触发场景，以及血清素对情绪、睡眠、饮食的作用，还有光照对血清素水平的影响，属于为读者铺垫和主题相关的基础知识。A选项第二段没有提出问题，不符合内容；B选项段落没有着重论述旅行的重要性，只是科普两种化学物质的相关知识；C选项段落没有呈现主题讨论得到的结果，均排除，因此选D。
2. 词义推断题：空格后文明确说明负离子可以提升血清素水平、提升精力、增强免疫力、降低压力，全部是正向的积极作用，说明负离子是对人体有益的事物，因此填入"good"，选B。
3. 细节理解判断题：逐一核对选项：A选项篝火晚会属于集体社交活动，根据原文"Social interaction also helps the release of both dopamine and serotonin"，社交活动会促进两种快乐激素的分泌，会让人感到愉悦而非低落，该表述错误；B选项原文提到海边的负离子可以消解压力，在沙滩散步是减压的好方法，表述符合原文；C选项原文提到阳光促进维生素D提升，维生素D帮助血清素生成、改善睡眠质量，因此获得更多光照睡眠可能更好，表述符合原文；D选项原文提到在自然中接触自然景观、野生动物可以舒缓身心，在森林观鸟属于这类活动，会让人放松，表述符合原文。本题选不符合原文的A。
4. 主旨大意题：全文开篇点出旅行让人愉悦背后存在多巴胺和血清素的相关科学原理，之后分四个维度具体解释旅行过程中不同场景如何提升两种激素水平、让人更快乐，核心就是介绍旅行让人更快乐的背后科学。A选项文中完全没有提及旅行的相关问题，排除；C选项文章没有给出提升旅行体验的相关攻略技巧，排除；D选项文章并非重点介绍人体分泌两种激素的全部步骤，所有内容都围绕旅行场景展开，偏离核心，排除，因此选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断，阅读理解细节理解，阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
本题覆盖了初中英语阅读理解的高频考点，题型设置全面，既考查学生快速定位原文信息、比对细节的能力，也要求学生准确判断段落功能、梳理全文脉络，避免把局部细节当成全文主旨，整体难度适中，能有效检验学生说明文阅读的综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇介绍旅行使人愉悦背后科学原理的说明文，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心围绕多巴胺、血清素两种影响情绪的化学物质，解释旅行提升二者水平从而让人更快乐的机制。之后逐题对应考点梳理思路：1. 针对段落作用题，先定位第二段内容，判断段落是对两种核心化学物质的基础科普，匹配对应选项；2. 针对词义推断题，结合空格后文对负离子的正向作用描述，推断该词的褒义属性；3. 针对细节正误判断题，将每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，找出不符合原文表述的选项；4. 针对主旨大意题，抓住开篇总起句的核心，排除偏离主题的干扰项，锁定全文核心论述对象。
【解析】
1. 推理判断题：第二段分别介绍了多巴胺的功能、分泌触发场景，以及血清素对情绪、睡眠、饮食的作用，还有光照对血清素水平的影响，属于为读者铺垫和主题相关的基础知识。A选项第二段没有提出问题，不符合内容；B选项段落没有着重论述旅行的重要性，只是科普两种化学物质的相关知识；C选项段落没有呈现主题讨论得到的结果，均排除，因此选D。
2. 词义推断题：空格后文明确说明负离子可以提升血清素水平、提升精力、增强免疫力、降低压力，全部是正向的积极作用，说明负离子是对人体有益的事物，因此填入"good"，选B。
3. 细节理解判断题：逐一核对选项：A选项篝火晚会属于集体社交活动，根据原文"Social interaction also helps the release of both dopamine and serotonin"，社交活动会促进两种快乐激素的分泌，会让人感到愉悦而非低落，该表述错误；B选项原文提到海边的负离子可以消解压力，在沙滩散步是减压的好方法，表述符合原文；C选项原文提到阳光促进维生素D提升，维生素D帮助血清素生成、改善睡眠质量，因此获得更多光照睡眠可能更好，表述符合原文；D选项原文提到在自然中接触自然景观、野生动物可以舒缓身心，在森林观鸟属于这类活动，会让人放松，表述符合原文。本题选不符合原文的A。
4. 主旨大意题：全文开篇点出旅行让人愉悦背后存在多巴胺和血清素的相关科学原理，之后分四个维度具体解释旅行过程中不同场景如何提升两种激素水平、让人更快乐，核心就是介绍旅行让人更快乐的背后科学。A选项文中完全没有提及旅行的相关问题，排除；C选项文章没有给出提升旅行体验的相关攻略技巧，排除；D选项文章并非重点介绍人体分泌两种激素的全部步骤，所有内容都围绕旅行场景展开，偏离核心，排除，因此选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断，阅读理解细节理解，阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
本题覆盖了初中英语阅读理解的高频考点，题型设置全面，既考查学生快速定位原文信息、比对细节的能力，也要求学生准确判断段落功能、梳理全文脉络，避免把局部细节当成全文主旨，整体难度适中，能有效检验学生说明文阅读的综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
