一、完形填空
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范畴:人与社会 主题:成语故事 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:9分钟 评价:/15
The idiom "ban jin ba liang" means "six of one and half a dozen of the other". It is usually used to show that two parts have the same 1. Are half of one jin and eight liang the same? Yes, they used to 2 the same meaning. In the old Chinese weight measuring 3, one jin was divided into 16 liang. So half of one jin was 4 liang at that time.
Just like today, ancient people took honesty 5. To make sure everyone traded fairly, there were 16 gradations(刻度) on the 6 of a scale, which was used for weighing things. The 16 gradations therefore 7 16 stars—the Big Dipper(北斗七星), the Southern Dipper(南斗六星) and the stars of fortune, prosperity(兴旺;繁荣) and longevity(长寿).
When trading, if you were not 8, you would not receive the blessing of those stars. If you were short of one liang, you would lose the favour 9 the star of fortune. If you were short of two liang, you would lose prosperity. If you were short of three liang, you would lose years from your 10. It was hoped that with this 11, people would be more honest when they were doing their 12.
However, as China started to do 13 more international trade, this type of system was no longer convenient to use. 14 after 1959, people 15 16 liang for one jin into 10 liang for one jin. But some people in some parts of China like Hong Kong and Taiwan still use the old system.
()1. A. talent B. weight C. mind D. truth
()2. A. improve B. lose C. share D. discuss
()3. A. system B. environment C. height D. fact
()4. A. four B. five C. eight D. ten
()5. A. finally B. gradually C. cheaply D. seriously
()6. A. arm B. foot C. mouth D. face
()7. A. looked for B. stood for C. fought for D. waited for
()8. A. helpful B. lucky C. creative D. honest
()9. A. in B. from C. for D. at
()10. A. money B. influence C. life D. knowledge
()11. A. rule B. instruction C. game D. order
()12. A. interview B. introduction C. examination D. business
()13. A. very B. pretty C. much D. quite
()14. A. So B. And C. But D. Since
()15. A. moved B. changed C. expected D. took

1~5 B C A C D 6~10 A B D B C 11~15 A D C A B
“半斤八两”是个成语，意指彼此不相上下。本文介绍了这个成语的起源。
1. B 结合前后句可知，“半斤八两”表示两部分有相同的重量。
2. C 结合后面的 the same meaning 可知，它们曾经有相同的含义。
3. A 由后面的 one jin was divided into 16 liang 可推知，在中国古代的重量测量体制中，一斤被分为十六两。
4. C 由 one jin was divided into 16 liang 可推知，那时半斤就是八两。
5. D “take ... seriously”意为“对……重视”。
6. A 由后面的 a scale 可推知，在秤杆上有 16 个刻度，表示“秤杆”用 the arm of a scale。
7. B 由后面的 16 stars 可推知，16 个刻度代表 16 颗星。stand for 代表。
8. D 由后面的 you would not receive the blessing of those stars 可推知，如果你不诚实，你就不会受到那些星的庇护。
9. B 由后面的 the star of fortune 可推知，如果你少了一两，你就失去了来自福星的恩惠。
10. C 由前面的 lose years 可推知，缺少三两，你就会失去生命的年限。
11. A 由前文可推知，通过这个规则的约束，人们在交易时更诚信。
12. D 由上下文可知，人们在规则的约束下做生意时会更诚信。
13. C more 为比较级，much 可修饰比较级。
14. A 前后句为因果关系，故此处填写 So。
15. B 结合前后文可推知，此处指把十六两一斤变成了十两一斤。“change ... into ...”意为“把……变成……”。

【分析】
本文是围绕成语“半斤八两”起源展开的说明文，属于人与社会范畴的成语故事类。解题思路为：先通读全文把握主旨，再结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配、语法规则及逻辑关系，逐一确定每个空的答案，同时兼顾对中国传统重量文化的理解。
【解析】
1. 选B。结合前文“ban jin ba liang”（半斤八两）的含义，可知此处表示两部分有相同的重量，故选weight。
2. 选C。“share the same meaning”为固定搭配，意为“有相同的含义”，符合语境。
3. 选A。由后文“one jin was divided into 16 liang”可知，此处指中国古代的重量测量体制，故选system。
4. 选C。古代一斤分为16两，因此半斤对应8两，符合常识与文意。
5. 选D。“take...seriously”是固定搭配，意为“重视……”，此处指古人重视诚信。
6. 选A。结合“a scale”（秤）可知，秤杆的表达为“the arm of a scale”，故选arm。
7. 选B。16个刻度对应16颗星，“stand for”意为“代表”，符合文意。
8. 选D。后文提到“不会受到星星的庇护”，可知此处指不诚实，故选honest。
9. 选B。“the favour from the star of fortune”意为“来自福星的恩惠”，介词from表来源。
10. 选C。前文提到“lose years”（失去年限），此处指失去生命的年限，故选life。
11. 选A。前文提到的重量规则是约束人们诚信的依据，故选rule。
12. 选D。结合语境，人们做生意时需遵守规则保持诚信，“do business”意为“做生意”。
13. 选C。“more”是比较级，需用much修饰比较级，表程度加深。
14. 选A。前文提到旧体系不便，后文讲1959年后的改革，为因果关系，故选So。
15. 选B。“change...into...”意为“把……变成……”，此处指将16两一斤改为10两一斤，符合文意。
【答案】
1~5 B C A C D 6~10 A B D B C 11~15 A D C A B
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本文以中国传统成语“半斤八两”的起源为主题，兼具知识性与实用性，既考查学生的词汇运用、语境理解能力，又渗透了传统重量文化知识，题目设置结合上下文逻辑、固定搭配及语法规则，难度适中，能有效考查学生的综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.4