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五、阅读理解。〔人与自然——自然探索与科学认知〕
From a plane we can see the fields, cities, mountains or seas below. If we go into space, we will see more and more of the earth. People and man-made satellites have been sent out into space to look at the earth carefully and people have learnt more about the earth in the last few years.
The sea looks very beautiful when the sun is shining on it. But it can be very terrible when there is a strong wind.
The sea is very big. It nearly covers three quarters of the earth. The sea is also very deep in some places. There is one place and at that place the sea is about 11 kilometres deep. The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometres high. If that mountain was put into the sea at that place, there would be still about 2 kilometres of water above it!
In most parts of the sea, there are many kinds of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are also a lot of small living things, and lots of fishes live by eating them.
The sea can be very cold. When people go down, the sea becomes colder and colder. Only some men could go down into the deep sea at first. But, in 1970, five women scientists lived in the deep sea for fourteen days.
1. This passage is
A. a short story
B. for science reading
C. a piece of news
D. a report
2. What are not mentioned in this passage?
A. Islands.
B. Fishes.
C. Plants.
D. Living things.
3. Which of the following is not true?
A. The sea is usually beautiful when the sun is shining.
B. The sea is very terrible when the wind blows hard.
C. The highest mountain is in the deepest place of the sea.
D. The deeper the people go into the sea, the colder they will feel.
4. The underlined sentence “But, in 1970, five women scientists lived in the deep sea for fourteen days.” means that
A. women wanted to live in the deep sea for a long time
B. women could go deeper into the sea than men
C. women liked living in the deep sea better than men
D. women could do the same work as men
From a plane we can see the fields, cities, mountains or seas below. If we go into space, we will see more and more of the earth. People and man-made satellites have been sent out into space to look at the earth carefully and people have learnt more about the earth in the last few years.
The sea looks very beautiful when the sun is shining on it. But it can be very terrible when there is a strong wind.
The sea is very big. It nearly covers three quarters of the earth. The sea is also very deep in some places. There is one place and at that place the sea is about 11 kilometres deep. The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometres high. If that mountain was put into the sea at that place, there would be still about 2 kilometres of water above it!
In most parts of the sea, there are many kinds of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are also a lot of small living things, and lots of fishes live by eating them.
The sea can be very cold. When people go down, the sea becomes colder and colder. Only some men could go down into the deep sea at first. But, in 1970, five women scientists lived in the deep sea for fourteen days.
1. This passage is
B
.A. a short story
B. for science reading
C. a piece of news
D. a report
2. What are not mentioned in this passage?
A. Islands.
B. Fishes.
C. Plants.
D. Living things.
3. Which of the following is not true?
A. The sea is usually beautiful when the sun is shining.
B. The sea is very terrible when the wind blows hard.
C. The highest mountain is in the deepest place of the sea.
D. The deeper the people go into the sea, the colder they will feel.
4. The underlined sentence “But, in 1970, five women scientists lived in the deep sea for fourteen days.” means that
D
.A. women wanted to live in the deep sea for a long time
B. women could go deeper into the sea than men
C. women liked living in the deep sea better than men
D. women could do the same work as men
答案
五、1~4. BACD
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文，明确文章是围绕海洋的相关科普知识展开的，之后针对每一道题目，带着问题回到原文对应段落定位线索，逐一比对选项，排除错误选项得到正确答案：第1题判断文章体裁，结合全文科普属性筛选；第2题逐一核对选项里的内容是否在原文出现，找出未提及的项；第3题把每个选项和原文表述比对，找出不符合原文的错误表述；第4题结合划线句的前文语境，推理句子的隐含含义。
【解析】
1. 第1题：全文介绍了地球上海洋的面积、深度、生物、温度等相关科普知识，属于科普类阅读材料。A选项短篇故事不符合文本属性，C选项新闻没有对应时效性事件，D选项正式报告一般针对特定调研产出，因此正确答案为B。
2. 第2题：回文定位查找，原文第四段明确提到了fishes、plants、a lot of small living things，全文没有任何关于Islands（岛屿）的相关表述，因此正确答案为A。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：A对应原文第二段第一句“The sea looks very beautiful when the sun is shining on it”，表述符合原文；B对应原文第二段第二句“But it can be very terrible when there is a strong wind”，表述符合原文；C原文第三段只是假设把世界最高的山放进海洋最深的位置，并非说明高山本身就处在深海最深处，表述不符合原文；D对应原文最后一段第二句“When people go down, the sea becomes colder and colder”，表述符合原文。本题要求选出不正确的选项，因此正确答案为C。
4. 第4题：划线句前文提到“Only some men could go down into the deep sea at first.”，说明最初只有部分男性可以完成深海下潜探索的工作，之后转折说明1970年5名女科学家在深海生活了14天，证明女性也可以完成原本只有男性能完成的深海探索任务，即女性能和男性做同样的工作，A、B、C的表述均无原文依据，因此正确答案为D。
【答案】
1~4. BACD
【知识点】
科普类阅读理解，细节信息定位，文本逻辑推理
【点评】
本篇属于自然探索主题的基础科普类阅读，考点以细节信息查找为主，仅最后一道题需要结合上下文语境做简单推理，绝大多数题目的线索都能在原文直接定位获取，适合用来巩固基础英语阅读能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文，明确文章是围绕海洋的相关科普知识展开的，之后针对每一道题目，带着问题回到原文对应段落定位线索，逐一比对选项，排除错误选项得到正确答案：第1题判断文章体裁，结合全文科普属性筛选；第2题逐一核对选项里的内容是否在原文出现，找出未提及的项；第3题把每个选项和原文表述比对，找出不符合原文的错误表述；第4题结合划线句的前文语境，推理句子的隐含含义。
【解析】
1. 第1题：全文介绍了地球上海洋的面积、深度、生物、温度等相关科普知识，属于科普类阅读材料。A选项短篇故事不符合文本属性，C选项新闻没有对应时效性事件，D选项正式报告一般针对特定调研产出，因此正确答案为B。
2. 第2题：回文定位查找，原文第四段明确提到了fishes、plants、a lot of small living things，全文没有任何关于Islands（岛屿）的相关表述，因此正确答案为A。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：A对应原文第二段第一句“The sea looks very beautiful when the sun is shining on it”，表述符合原文；B对应原文第二段第二句“But it can be very terrible when there is a strong wind”，表述符合原文；C原文第三段只是假设把世界最高的山放进海洋最深的位置，并非说明高山本身就处在深海最深处，表述不符合原文；D对应原文最后一段第二句“When people go down, the sea becomes colder and colder”，表述符合原文。本题要求选出不正确的选项，因此正确答案为C。
4. 第4题：划线句前文提到“Only some men could go down into the deep sea at first.”，说明最初只有部分男性可以完成深海下潜探索的工作，之后转折说明1970年5名女科学家在深海生活了14天，证明女性也可以完成原本只有男性能完成的深海探索任务，即女性能和男性做同样的工作，A、B、C的表述均无原文依据，因此正确答案为D。
【答案】
1~4. BACD
【知识点】
科普类阅读理解，细节信息定位，文本逻辑推理
【点评】
本篇属于自然探索主题的基础科普类阅读，考点以细节信息查找为主，仅最后一道题需要结合上下文语境做简单推理，绝大多数题目的线索都能在原文直接定位获取，适合用来巩固基础英语阅读能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
