1. 你知道have been (to)和have gone (to)的用法吗?

|(Peter is talking to Jim about Ben. Peter和Jim正在谈论Ben。)
Peter: Where is Ben? Ben在哪儿?
Jim: He's on holiday. He has gone to Shanghai.
他在度假。他已经去了上海。|(One week later, Peter meets Ben.
一周后,Peter遇到Ben。)
Peter: Hello, Ben. 你好,Ben!
Ben: Hi, Peter. I have been on holiday. I have been to Shanghai. 你好,Peter。 我去度假了。我去了上海。|
总结:
①表示已经去了某地;②表示曾经去过某地。
【即学即练】用have/ has been或have/ has gone填空。
(1)A: I saw you in Snow Restaurant yesterday.
B: No, it wasn't me. I never there.
(2)A: Dad, where is Mom?
B: She has got a headache, so she to bed.
(3)Peter: (on the phone) Can I speak to Jim, please?
Lisa: He's out, I'm afraid. He to the gym.
Peter: Again? He already to the gym three times this week.
(4)A: Can I have some orange juice, please?
B: We haven't got any. I not to the supermarket today.

总结：①have/has gone (to)；②have/has been (to)
即学即练：
(1) have; been
(2) has gone
(3) has gone; has; been
(4) have; been

1. 用法区分：
have/has gone (to)：表示某人已前往某地，当前不在说话现场（可能在目的地或途中）；
have/has been (to)：表示某人曾经去过某地，现已回到说话现场，常与never、次数类表述搭配。
2. 题目分析：
(1) 答语表达“从未去过那里”，说话人在现场，用have been；
(2) 妈妈去睡觉了，不在说话现场，用has gone；
(3) 第一空：Jim不在家，去了健身房，用has gone；第二空：强调这周去过三次，用has been；
(4) 表达“今天没去过超市”，用have been的否定形式。

2. 你能总结名词派生为形容词的后缀吗?

|例词|说明|后缀|
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
|nature → natural|表示"与……有关的,具有……特性的"。多用于学术或正式语境。|①|
|danger → dangerous
fame → famous|表示"有……特性的"。通常加在抽象名词后。|②|
|care → careful
beauty → beautiful|表示"充满……的,有……倾向的",含义与-less相反。|③|
(续表)

|例词|说明|后缀|
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
|sun → sunny
health → healthy|表示"充满……的,有……特征的"。常与自然现象或事物特征有关。|④|
|effect → effective
act → active|表示"有……性质/倾向的,与……有关的"。|⑤|
|child → childish
Britain → British|表示"有点像……的,……民族的/语言的"。用于人时,常带轻微贬义。用于国家时,表示国籍或语言。|⑥|
【即学即练】将括号内名词变为形容词,使语篇意义完整、连贯。
Our (1) teacher had an (2) plan for a (3) day: an outdoor picnic! I thought it was a (4) idea. But my (5) friend said, "Let's try!" We tried to build a shelter, but it was (6). Just then, the sun came out! It turned out to be a (7) lesson about never giving up.
Keys

一、后缀总结：
①-al
②-ous
③-ful
④-y
⑤-ive
⑥-ish
二、即学即练：
(1)Spanish
(2)educational
(3)rainy
(4)foolish
(5)courageous
(6)useless
(7)helpful

1. 名词派生形容词后缀总结：
①通过例词`nature→natural`、`culture→cultural`可知，该后缀为`-al`，用于构成表“与……有关的，具有……特性的”的形容词，多用于学术或正式语境；
②由`danger→dangerous`、`fame→famous`可知，后缀为`-ous`，常加在抽象名词后，表“有……特性的”；
③从`care→careful`、`beauty→beautiful`可得，后缀为`-ful`，表“充满……的，有……倾向的”，与表“无、缺”的`-less`含义相反；
④根据`sun→sunny`、`health→healthy`，后缀为`-y`，常和自然现象或事物特征相关，表“充满……的，有……特征的”；
⑤由`effect→effective`、`act→active`可知，后缀为`-ive`，表“有……性质/倾向的，与……有关的”；
⑥从`child→childish`、`Britain→British`可得，后缀为`-ish`，用于人时带轻微贬义，用于国家时表国籍或语言，表“有点像……的，……民族的/语言的”。
2. 即学即练：
(1)Spain需变为表“西班牙的”形容词`Spanish`；
(2)education加后缀`-al`变为`educational`，表“教育的”；
(3)rain加后缀`-y`变为`rainy`，表“下雨的”；
(4)fool加后缀`-ish`变为`foolish`，表“愚蠢的”；
(5)courage加后缀`-ous`变为`courageous`，表“勇敢的”；
(6)根据语境，庇护所没有作用，use加后缀`-less`变为`useless`，表“无用的”；
(7)help加后缀`-ful`变为`helpful`，表“有帮助的”。