四、根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。(2024·江苏南通海安西片联盟期中改编)
Tony is a penfriend of m 1. He is from Italy. His school has a big library w 2 lots of books. Tony likes r 3 books about China because he is interested in China. China is different from his country, so he wants to k 4 how the Chinese live every day.
He often meets some C 5 in the streets. They are all f 6 to him. Sometimes he asks them some questions in Chinese. They all answer him kindly. B 7 they sometimes don't understand him.
Last month, Tony went to Beijing. He visited many places of interest. When he a 8 at the Great Wall, he couldn't believe his e 9. It was so great! He stayed in Beijing for about a week and then he went to Xi'an.
Tony likes China very much and he hopes to v 10 China again sometime next year.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. mine 2. with 3. reading 4. know 5. Chinese 6. friendly 7. But 8. arrived 9. eyes 10. visit

【分析】
做这类首字母提示的短文填空题，首先要先通读整篇短文，梳理清楚文章核心大意：本文主要介绍来自意大利的笔友Tony对中国十分感兴趣，了解中国文化、游览中国名胜的相关经历。接下来逐个分析空缺：先结合空缺前后的句子逻辑、已学的固定搭配，对应给出的首字母提示推导对应的单词，最后还要根据语法规则确认单词的正确形式，比如时态、非谓语变形、名词单复数等，确保填入后语义通顺、语法正确。
【解析】
1. 此处是双重所有格结构"a penfriend of + 名词性物主代词"，表示"我的众多笔友中的一位"，首字母为m，故填mine。
2. 此处表示"藏有很多书的大图书馆"，用介词with表伴随、带有，首字母为w，故填with。
3. 固定搭配like doing sth. 表示长期的爱好，此处指喜欢读和中国相关的书，首字母为r，故填reading。
4. 固定结构want to do sth. 表示想要做某事，此处指他想要了解中国人的日常起居，首字母为k，故填know。
5. 结合上下文他对中国感兴趣，在街上遇到的是中国人，首字母为C，Chinese表示中国人，单复数同形，故填Chinese。
6. 固定搭配be friendly to sb. 表示"对某人很友好"，首字母为f，故填friendly。
7. 前文说中国人都友善地回答他的问题，后文说他们有时候听不懂他说的话，前后是转折关系，首字母为B，故填But。
8. 固定搭配arrive at 表示到达小地点（此处指长城），时间状语last month表示过去，要用一般过去时，首字母为a，故填arrived。
9. 此处表达"他不敢相信自己的眼睛"，人有两只眼睛，要用复数形式，首字母为e，故填eyes。
10. 固定结构hope to do sth. 表示希望做某事，此处指他希望明年某个时候再次游览中国，首字母为v，故填visit。
【答案】
1. mine 2. with 3. reading 4. know 5. Chinese 6. friendly 7. But 8. arrived 9. eyes 10. visit
【知识点】
名词性物主代词，固定短语搭配，动词时态
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的短文首字母填空题型，考点覆盖初中低年级核心的词法、句法基础知识点，整体语境清晰易懂，大部分空缺都可以通过固定搭配直接推导，仅少数需要结合上下文逻辑判断转折关系、完成过去式变形，适合巩固基础词汇和搭配的使用规则。
【难度系数】
0.7

五、阅读理解。
Before the invention of the stamp, it was difficult to send a letter to another country. The sender paid for the letter to travel in his or her own country. Then the person in the other country paid for the rest of the trip. If a letter crossed several countries, the problem was worse.
Rowland Hill, a British teacher, had the idea of a stamp with glue on the back. Then the British post office made the first stamps in 1840. A person bought a stamp and put it on a letter. The post office delivered(递送) the letter. When people received letters, they didn't have to pay anything. The postage(邮费) was prepaid(预付款的).
Stamps became popular in Britain soon. Soon other countries started making their own stamps.
However, there were still problems with international mail. Some countries did not want to accept letters with stamps from other countries. Finally, in 1874, the Universal Postal Union (UPU, 万国邮政联盟) came into being. Each country in the UPU agreed to accept letters with prepaid postage from the other members. Today, almost every country in the world is a member of this organization. It takes care of any international mail problems.
At present, post offices in every country sell beautiful stamps. They are not only used to pay postage, but have also become a favourite item for many collectors.
()1. Which country first used stamps to send letters?
A. Britain.
B. America.
C. China.
D. France.
()2. What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us?
A. The first stamp was used in 1840 by the UPU.
B. The postage is paid by the person who sends the letter.
C. It is now very cheap for different countries to send and receive letters.
D. It is no longer difficult to send international mails because of the UPU.
()3. What does the writer think of the invention of stamps?
A. Difficult and meaningless.
B. Easy but meaningful.
C. Useful and meaningful.
D. Useless but meaningful.

1. A 【点拨】根据第二段中的“Rowland Hill, a British teacher, had the idea of a stamp with glue on the back. Then the British post office made the first stamps in 1840.”可知,最早使用邮票寄信的国家是英国。故选 A。
2. D 【点拨】根据第四段内容可知,起初,国际邮件仍然存在问题,一些国家不愿意接收贴有其他国家邮票的信件,在万国邮政联盟成立以后,该联盟里的每个国家都同意接收其他国家寄来的预付邮资的信件,并且该联盟还负责处理任何国际邮件问题。由此可知,第四段主要告诉我们,因为有了万国邮政联盟,国与国之间的信件往来不再困难。故选 D。
3. C 【点拨】通读全文内容可知,在邮票发明之前,把信件寄到另一个国家是很困难的,并且邮资的支付也很复杂,但在邮票发明之后,人们买一张邮票,贴在信上,邮局就会递送信件。当人们收到信时,他们不需要支付任何费用。由此可见,作者认为邮票的发明是有用的,并且很有意义。故选 C。

【分析】
这是一篇介绍邮票发展历程的说明文，解题时可以按照三步法思路思考：1. 先浏览3道题干，标记每道题的核心关键词，明确要找的信息方向；2. 带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位，找到和题干相关的原文内容；3. 将原文内容和四个选项逐一比对，排除不符合原文的错误选项，选出匹配度最高的答案。比如第一题关键词是first used stamps，直接定位到第二段找最早发行邮票的国家；第二题关键词是fourth paragraph mainly tell us，通读第四段梳理段落逻辑，提炼核心主旨；第三题关键词是writer think of the invention of stamps，结合全文对邮票作用的描述推断作者的态度。
【解析】
1. 细节定位题：回到原文第二段，明确提到英国教师Rowland Hill提出背胶邮票的想法，英国邮局在1840年制作出了世界上第一批邮票，因此最早使用邮票寄信的国家是英国，排除B美国、C中国、D法国，选A。
2. 段落主旨题：第四段先说明早期国际邮件存在各国不认可他国邮票的问题，随后介绍1874年万国邮政联盟成立，所有成员国都同意接收其他成员的预付邮资信件，该组织还负责处理所有国际邮件相关问题，核心是说明万国邮政联盟解决了国际寄件的难题。A选项表述错误，UPU1874年才成立远晚于1840年；B选项是第二段的细节不属于第四段内容；C选项“国际寄信很便宜”原文完全没有提及，因此只有D选项符合第四段核心含义。
3. 作者态度推断题：通读全文可知，邮票发明前跨国寄信流程繁琐、问题很多，邮票发明后大幅简化了寄信流程，后续还推动了国际邮政体系的建立，现在邮票还成为了热门的收藏品，能看出作者认为邮票的发明实用且意义重大，A的无意义、B的简单、D的无用都不符合原文表述，选C。
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. C
【知识点】
细节信息定位，段落主旨归纳，作者态度推断
【点评】
本题属于事物发展类的常考阅读理解题型，覆盖了初中英语阅读最核心的三类基础考点，学生解题时要注意不要把局部细节当成段落主旨，所有判断都要依托原文给出的信息，不要加入自己的主观猜测，就能轻松选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8