四、将下列句子改为被动语态。
1. The cook added more salt to the soup.
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.
2. They sent the invitations to their friends and relatives last Monday.
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.
3. He made a beautiful model plane for the coming competition.
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.
4. People needed more water during the dry season.
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.
5. The company created a new smartwatch last year.
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.

1. More salt was added to the soup by the cook.
2. The invitations were sent to their friends and relatives by them last Monday.
3. A beautiful model plane was made for the coming competition by him.
4. More water was needed by people during the dry season.
5. A new smartwatch was created by the company last year.

【分析】
将主动语态转换为被动语态的步骤如下：① 找出主动句的宾语，将其作为被动句的主语；② 根据原句的时态（本题均为一般过去时），把谓语动词改为“was/were + 动词过去分词”，be动词的单复数需与被动句的主语保持一致；③ 将主动句的主语变为介词by的宾语，构成by短语，放在被动句的末尾；④ 原句中的其他成分（如时间状语、目的状语等）位置保持不变。
【解析】
1. 原句宾语为more salt（不可数名词，单数），原句时态为一般过去时，be动词用was，add的过去分词为added，原主语the cook作by的宾语，故改写为：More salt was added to the soup by the cook.
2. 原句宾语为the invitations（复数），be动词用were，send的过去分词为sent，原主语they作by的宾语，时间状语last Monday位置不变，故改写为：The invitations were sent to their friends and relatives by them last Monday.
3. 原句宾语为a beautiful model plane（单数），be动词用was，make的过去分词为made，原主语he作by的宾语，目的状语for the coming competition位置不变，故改写为：A beautiful model plane was made for the coming competition by him.
4. 原句宾语为more water（不可数名词，单数），be动词用was，need的过去分词为needed，原主语people作by的宾语，时间状语during the dry season位置不变，故改写为：More water was needed by people during the dry season.
5. 原句宾语为a new smartwatch（单数），be动词用was，create的过去分词为created，原主语the company作by的宾语，时间状语last year位置不变，故改写为：A new smartwatch was created by the company last year.
【答案】
1. More salt was added to the soup by the cook.
2. The invitations were sent to their friends and relatives by them last Monday.
3. A beautiful model plane was made for the coming competition by him.
4. More water was needed by people during the dry season.
5. A new smartwatch was created by the company last year.
【知识点】
一般过去时被动语态、主动句转被动句
【点评】
本题考查英语中一般过去时主动语态转换为被动语态的基础语法规则，核心是掌握被动语态的结构及成分转换逻辑，是初中英语的核心基础考点，适合巩固语法基础。
【难度系数】
0.7

五、先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
It was a rainy, windy October afternoon. Garth stood outside his house with a wide smile. This was $\underline{1}$ weather for testing his new invention — Umbrella Hat. He could hardly wait to see whether it could keep the rain off. He carefully $\underline{2}$ the hat on his head and started walking $\underline{3}$ along the street. It worked!
Suddenly, three boys in his neighbourhood appeared and $\underline{4}$ him. Todd, the biggest one,
pulled his Umbrella Hat off his head.
“What’s THIS?” he asked.
“It’s an Umbrella Hat. You can wear it on rainy days and ... ” Garth said.
The boys $\underline{5}$, “Will anyone wear that stupid thing?” Todd threw the hat onto the ground and they ran off.
Garth picked up his Umbrella Hat from the ground in tears. “Maybe Todd was $\underline{6}$ ... in reality, who would ever need his invention?” He lowered his head and thought to himself.
Suddenly he $\underline{7}$ and saw a lady looking at him. “I was just leaving my house $\underline{8}$ I saw you and those boys. Are you okay?”
Then she saw the $\underline{9}$ Umbrella Hat and asked, “Er ... what’s that?”
“It’s my Umbrella Hat. I thought of it and made it myself ... ” answered Garth.
“What a creative $\underline{10}$ you have! Don’t ever let stupid boys put you down! Keep inventing and one day you will $\underline{11}$ something really great!” said the lady.
“And you have given me a wonderful $\underline{12}$,” she continued, “I have a gadget（小器具） shop — Gadgets4U — and I’d like to hold a $\underline{13}$ to find the best young gadget inventor in our town. I will display（展示） three best inventions in my shop. I’m sure you will have a(n) $\underline{14}$ of winning a prize.”
Garth was very $\underline{15}$. Gadgets4U was one of his favourite places and the thought of having his invention displayed in that wonderful place was too exciting for words. He suddenly felt much better and could already feel lots of new ideas coming out, waiting to spring into life!
()1. A. cold B. perfect
C. strange D. changeable
()2. A. raised B. placed
C. dropped D. repaired
()3. A. heavily B. madly
C. thankfully D. purposefully
()4. A. guided B. praised
C. stopped D. refused
()5. A. replied B. laughed
C. wondered D. greeted
()6. A. right B. angry
C. polite D. silly
()7. A. came up B. gave up
C. looked up D. showed up
()8. A. when B. until
C. if D. after
()9. A. ugly B. old
C. broken D. tiny
()10. A. mind B. habit
C. game D. tool
()11. A. show B. meet
C. plan D. create
()12. A. skill B. gift
C. idea D. job
()13. A. party B. meeting
C. conversation D. competition
()14. A. choice B. chance
C. excuse D. experience
()15. A. surprised B. bored
C. relaxed D. worried

1. B
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. A
11. D
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. A

【分析】
做完形填空需遵循“通读全文→把握主旨→逐空分析→验证答案”的思路：首先通读短文，明确本文是讲述Garth发明伞帽，遭遇男孩嘲笑后得到陌生女士鼓励、重拾信心的励志故事；接着结合每个空的上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、固定搭配及逻辑关系，逐一分析选项，排除不符合语境的干扰项，选出最佳答案；最后通读验证，确保答案符合全文逻辑。
【解析】
1. 考查形容词辨析。根据上文“rainy, windy October afternoon”，这种天气适合测试新发明，perfect（完美的）符合语境，故选B。
2. 考查动词辨析。此处表示“把帽子戴在头上”，place...on...为固定搭配，意为“把……放在……上”，其他选项不符合，故选B。
3. 考查副词辨析。Garth为测试发明有目的地沿街行走，purposefully（有目的地）符合，其他选项不符合，故选D。
4. 考查动词辨析。三个男孩出现并拦住Garth，stop（拦住）符合，其他选项不符合，故选C。
5. 考查动词辨析。男孩们嘲笑Garth的发明，laugh（嘲笑）符合，其他选项不符合，故选B。
6. 考查形容词辨析。Garth被嘲笑后自我怀疑，认为Todd是对的，right（正确的）符合，其他选项不符合，故选A。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。Garth低头思考，抬头看到女士，look up（抬头）符合，其他选项不符合，故选C。
8. 考查连词辨析。be doing...when...为固定句式，意为“正在做某事这时……”，此处符合语境，故选A。
9. 考查形容词辨析。帽子被扔在地上损坏了，broken（损坏的）符合，其他选项不符合，故选C。
10. 考查名词辨析。女士称赞Garth有创造力的头脑，creative mind（创造力）符合，其他选项不符合，故选A。
11. 考查动词辨析。女士鼓励Garth未来会创造伟大的东西，create（创造）符合，其他选项不符合，故选D。
12. 考查名词辨析。女士的鼓励给了Garth一个好主意，idea（主意）符合，其他选项不符合，故选C。
13. 考查名词辨析。女士要举办比赛寻找最佳年轻发明家，competition（比赛）符合，其他选项不符合，故选D。
14. 考查名词辨析。女士认为Garth有获奖的机会，chance（机会）符合，其他选项不符合，故选B。
15. 考查形容词辨析。Garth听到女士的提议很惊讶，surprised（惊讶的）符合，其他选项不符合，故选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.A
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、词汇辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本文为励志类完形填空，围绕主人公Garth发明伞帽的经历展开，既考查学生对上下文语境的理解能力，也涉及基础词汇的词义辨析与固定搭配运用，贴近学生生活，易于理解。
【难度系数】
0.5