C
Around the world, 1.3 billion single-use（一次性） plastic water bottles are bought every day. However, with only around 9% of plastic being recycled, most of these bottles wind up in landfills（垃圾场）, the sea, or somewhere else in nature.
When Madison, a 12-year-old girl, noticed these plastic bottles during her family’s trip to California, she was deeply troubled. “I just felt like this situation had to be changed,” she said to Smithsonian Magazine. The picture of plastic waste on the beautiful beach remained in her mind.
In 2021, the idea of creating an eatable water bottle to combat plastic pollution appeared. She named her invention the “Eco-Hero”.
To bring her idea to reality, Madison did some research. She built on old methods, doing many experiments with common food. Through her efforts, she found that a combination（结合） of water, lemon juice, and Alginic acid（褐藻酸） formed a new kind of bottle. This bottle could safely hold up to $\frac{3}{4}$ cup of water and remain in good condition in the fridge for three weeks.
Madison believed the Eco-Hero could replace paper cups used by runners in races. After drinking water with the bottles, runners could either eat or throw them away, as these bottles would also break down easily in nature.
Madison hopes that the Eco-Hero will encourage others to take action to protect the planet. “It doesn’t have to be in a big way,” she said. “Common people can still make a difference to the world, even if it’s just in a small way.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()11. Why does the writer show numbers in Paragraph 1?
A. To show the importance of landfills.
B. To present the plastic waste problem.
C. To tell students to recycle more bottles.
D. To ask readers to use fewer plastic bottles.
()12. What does the underlined word “combat” probably mean?
A. Work with. B. Look after.
C. Laugh at. D. Fight against.
()13. What can we learn about the Eco-Hero?
A. It can be eaten by the users.
B. It is made from some used bottles.
C. It can keep water at low temperatures.
D. It is an improvement in size and color.
()14. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To tell readers the importance of protecting the environment.
B. To introduce a good way to recycle old bottles.
C. To introduce a creative girl and her invention.
D. To ask readers to learn from Madison.
()15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. A Good Beginning is Half Done
B. Small People Make Big Movements
C. Where There is a Will, There is a Way
D. God Helps Those Who Help Themselves

11. B 由第一段可知，作者通过数据展示塑料污染的严重性。
12. D 13. A
14. C 通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了12岁女孩Madison发明可食用水瓶以应对塑料污染的故事。
15. B

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳四类题型。解题思路如下：
1. 第11题：定位第一段，分析数字的作用，判断其是否为呈现塑料污染问题；
2. 第12题：结合上下文语境，推断划线词“combat”的含义；
3. 第13题：定位关于“Eco-Hero”的描述，逐一核对选项与原文信息是否一致；
4. 第14题：通读全文，梳理核心内容，判断作者写作目的；
5. 第15题：抓住文章核心观点，匹配最贴合主旨的标题。
【解析】
11. 第一段通过“每天13亿个一次性塑料瓶被购买”“仅约9%的塑料被回收”等数据，说明大部分塑料瓶未被合理处理，进入垃圾场、海洋等，目的是呈现塑料污染的严重性，故选B。
12. 根据上下文，Madison发明可食用水瓶是为了应对塑料污染，“combat”在此处意为“对抗、与…作斗争”，对应选项D，故选D。
13. A选项：文中明确提到“creating an eatable water bottle”，说明Eco-Hero是可食用的，正确；B选项：Eco-Hero由水、柠檬汁、褐藻酸等常见食物制成，并非旧塑料瓶，错误；C选项：文中仅提到该水瓶在冰箱可保存三周，未提及保持低温，错误；D选项：文章未提及Eco-Hero在尺寸和颜色上的改进，错误，故选A。
14. 文章主要讲述12岁女孩Madison看到塑料污染问题后，发明可食用水瓶（Eco-Hero）以应对污染的故事，作者的写作目的是介绍这个有创造力的女孩和她的发明，故选C。
15. 文章最后一段Madison提到“普通人即使做小事也能对世界产生影响”，对应B选项“Small People Make Big Movements”，符合文章主旨，故选B。
【答案】
11.B 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本文是一篇关于青少年发明环保物品的记叙文，考查学生对英语阅读中细节、词义、主旨的理解能力，题型常规，需精准定位原文信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6