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Louis Pasteur (1822－1895), a famous French scientist, made big discoveries in medicine, chemistry and industry. He believed that life could come only from life. His research showed tiny germs(细菌) spread diseases, and that the spread of the germs could be controlled. With this knowledge, humans were able to save many lives.
Pasteur discovered a way to make milk, wine and food safe. The method, known as
pasteurization(巴氏杀菌), was named after him. One day, a winemaker had bad-tasting wine and asked Pasteur for help. Pasteur found that the bad-tasting wine had some unusual germs. If he killed these germs, maybe he could keep the wine from turning terrible. After trying different ways to kill the germs, he found heating the wine seemed to work best. Later, Pasteur found out that by heating these foods and freeing them from harmful germs, they could be better kept. The heat kills the germs that spread diseases.
Pasteur also helped greatly in medicine. In the summer of 1885, nine-year-old Joseph was attacked by a sick dog with rabies(狂犬病). There was no medicine for rabies at that time. Luckily, Pasteur was studying the germs that cause rabies. He believed that he had a medical method for rabies, but he never gave it to a person before. However, the doctor said the child was dying, so Pasteur gave Joseph daily medical help for ten days. Slowly, the child became better. This opened the way for the development of vaccinations(疫苗接种). Vaccinations keep humans from contracting certain illnesses and help them stay away from many diseases.
During Pasteur's life, he touched on many problems. A simple description of his achievements doesn't show how excellent he was. What Pasteur achieved for the scientific world makes him one of the most important scientists of all time.
6. Why is heating needed in the method of pasteurization?
A. Because hot wine tastes much better.
B. Because people prefer to drink hot milk.
C. Because cold food spreads diseases easily.
D. Because harmful germs are kept from the food.
7. How do paragraphs 2 and 3 support the main topic of the passage?
A. By giving examples of Pasteur's achievements.
B. By describing the risk of Pasteur's experiments.
C. By listing Pasteur's efforts to save dying people.
D. By explaining Pasteur's methods of heating food.
8. What does the underlined word "contracting" in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Studying. B. Treating. C. Getting. D. Killing.
9. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Pasteur was the first man to believe life could come from life.
B. It was easy for Pasteur to find out the best method to kill germs.
C. Pasteur developed a medical method for rabies to save Joseph.
D. What Pasteur did made a big difference to the scientific world.
10. In which book may you find this passage?
A. Big Discoveries in Medicine. B. Great Minds in French History.
C. The Development of Food Safety. D. The Useful Chemicals in Inventions.
Pasteur discovered a way to make milk, wine and food safe. The method, known as
pasteurization(巴氏杀菌), was named after him. One day, a winemaker had bad-tasting wine and asked Pasteur for help. Pasteur found that the bad-tasting wine had some unusual germs. If he killed these germs, maybe he could keep the wine from turning terrible. After trying different ways to kill the germs, he found heating the wine seemed to work best. Later, Pasteur found out that by heating these foods and freeing them from harmful germs, they could be better kept. The heat kills the germs that spread diseases.
Pasteur also helped greatly in medicine. In the summer of 1885, nine-year-old Joseph was attacked by a sick dog with rabies(狂犬病). There was no medicine for rabies at that time. Luckily, Pasteur was studying the germs that cause rabies. He believed that he had a medical method for rabies, but he never gave it to a person before. However, the doctor said the child was dying, so Pasteur gave Joseph daily medical help for ten days. Slowly, the child became better. This opened the way for the development of vaccinations(疫苗接种). Vaccinations keep humans from contracting certain illnesses and help them stay away from many diseases.
During Pasteur's life, he touched on many problems. A simple description of his achievements doesn't show how excellent he was. What Pasteur achieved for the scientific world makes him one of the most important scientists of all time.
6. Why is heating needed in the method of pasteurization?
A. Because hot wine tastes much better.
B. Because people prefer to drink hot milk.
C. Because cold food spreads diseases easily.
D. Because harmful germs are kept from the food.
7. How do paragraphs 2 and 3 support the main topic of the passage?
A. By giving examples of Pasteur's achievements.
B. By describing the risk of Pasteur's experiments.
C. By listing Pasteur's efforts to save dying people.
D. By explaining Pasteur's methods of heating food.
8. What does the underlined word "contracting" in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Studying. B. Treating. C. Getting. D. Killing.
9. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Pasteur was the first man to believe life could come from life.
B. It was easy for Pasteur to find out the best method to kill germs.
C. Pasteur developed a medical method for rabies to save Joseph.
D. What Pasteur did made a big difference to the scientific world.
10. In which book may you find this passage?
A. Big Discoveries in Medicine. B. Great Minds in French History.
C. The Development of Food Safety. D. The Useful Chemicals in Inventions.
答案
6－10 DACDB
解析
【分析】
6题：细节理解题，需定位原文中关于巴氏杀菌加热原因的描述，匹配对应选项；7题：段落作用题，分析第二段、第三段内容，判断其与文章主题的关联；8题：词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推断划线词含义；9题：推理判断题，逐一分析选项，排除与原文不符内容，选出合理推断；10题：文章出处题，根据文章核心内容判断最可能的书籍类别。
【解析】
6题：定位第二段，原文提到“After trying different ways to kill the germs, he found heating the wine seemed to work best... The heat kills the germs that spread diseases.”，可知加热是为了杀死有害细菌，对应选项D。
7题：第二段介绍巴氏杀菌法（食品工业领域成就），第三段介绍狂犬病疫苗研发（医学领域成就），两段均围绕巴斯德的重大成就展开，对应选项A。
8题：划线词所在句“Vaccinations keep humans from contracting certain illnesses”意为“疫苗防止人类感染某些疾病”，contracting在此处表示“感染”，对应选项C。
9题：A选项原文未提及巴斯德是第一个相信生命来自生命的人；B选项原文提到他尝试多种方法才找到最佳方式，并非容易；C选项原文说他之前从未将该方法用于人体，并非已研发出狂犬病医疗方法；D选项对应最后一段“makes him one of the most important scientists of all time”，是合理推断，对应选项D。
10题：文章核心是介绍法国著名科学家巴斯德的重大成就，属于“法国历史上的伟大人物”相关内容，对应选项B。
【答案】
6－10 DACDB
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，涵盖细节查找、词义猜测、段落作用、推理判断、文章出处等常见题型，要求学生具备快速定位原文信息、结合语境分析词义、把握文章主旨的能力，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
6题：细节理解题，需定位原文中关于巴氏杀菌加热原因的描述，匹配对应选项；7题：段落作用题，分析第二段、第三段内容，判断其与文章主题的关联；8题：词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推断划线词含义；9题：推理判断题，逐一分析选项，排除与原文不符内容，选出合理推断；10题：文章出处题，根据文章核心内容判断最可能的书籍类别。
【解析】
6题：定位第二段，原文提到“After trying different ways to kill the germs, he found heating the wine seemed to work best... The heat kills the germs that spread diseases.”，可知加热是为了杀死有害细菌，对应选项D。
7题：第二段介绍巴氏杀菌法（食品工业领域成就），第三段介绍狂犬病疫苗研发（医学领域成就），两段均围绕巴斯德的重大成就展开，对应选项A。
8题：划线词所在句“Vaccinations keep humans from contracting certain illnesses”意为“疫苗防止人类感染某些疾病”，contracting在此处表示“感染”，对应选项C。
9题：A选项原文未提及巴斯德是第一个相信生命来自生命的人；B选项原文提到他尝试多种方法才找到最佳方式，并非容易；C选项原文说他之前从未将该方法用于人体，并非已研发出狂犬病医疗方法；D选项对应最后一段“makes him one of the most important scientists of all time”，是合理推断，对应选项D。
10题：文章核心是介绍法国著名科学家巴斯德的重大成就，属于“法国历史上的伟大人物”相关内容，对应选项B。
【答案】
6－10 DACDB
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，涵盖细节查找、词义猜测、段落作用、推理判断、文章出处等常见题型，要求学生具备快速定位原文信息、结合语境分析词义、把握文章主旨的能力，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
