课时精练
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Half an hour later, the clouds (clear)
and the sun shone on us.
2.There was a lot of (smoke) in the
kitchen and it was very hot.
3.Much litter in the sea seriously
(harm) a lot of birds and animals.
4.Judy is so shy that she always talks with her
classmates (nervous) at school.
5.The girl (suffer) a lot from her
broken legs,but she didn't give up dancing.

一、1.cleared 2.smoke 3.harmed 4.nervously 5.suffered

【分析】首先观察每个句子的时态、词性要求，结合所给单词的适当形式变化规则解题：1. 根据后半句的过去式shone判断句子时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式；2. a lot of后接名词，smoke作不可数名词符合语境；3. 结合语境时态，谓语动词用过去式；4. 修饰动词talk需用副词；5. 根据后半句的过去式didn't give up判断时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。
【解析】1. 后半句shone是shine的过去式，句子为一般过去时，clear的过去式是cleared，故填cleared；2. a lot of后可接不可数名词，smoke作“烟”讲时为不可数名词，故填smoke；3. 结合语境（过去的情况），谓语动词用过去式，harm的过去式是harmed，故填harmed；4. 此处修饰动词talk，需用副词，nervous的副词形式是nervously，故填nervously；5. 后半句didn't give up是一般过去时，suffer的过去式是suffered，故填suffered。
【答案】1.cleared 2.smoke 3.harmed 4.nervously 5.suffered
【知识点】一般过去时、名词的数、副词的用法
【点评】本题考查英语基础词形变化，涉及时态、词性转换等核心知识点，是英语学习的基础内容，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7

二、句子翻译
根据所给中文完成句子翻译。
6.他们收到命令之后立刻采取了行动。
They as soon as they
received the order.
7.在我的英语老师的帮助下,我开始对我的英语
学习变得更加自信。
With the help of my English teacher, I
more confident about my
English studies.
8.我的父母出门后,我的妹妹就独占电视看动
画片。
When my parents go out, my little sister
to watch cartoons.
9.彼得不喜欢花生因为他对花生过敏。
.
10.为了实现你的目标,你应该从现在开始努力
学习。
.

二、6.jumped into action 7.started to feel
8.has the TV to herself
9.Peter doesn't like peanuts because he is allergic to them
10.To achieve your goal,you should study hard from now
on

【分析】
句子翻译题需结合中文含义，回忆对应英语固定搭配、短语，同时关注时态、主谓一致等语法规则：6题“采取行动”对应jump into action，从句用过去式，主句用一般过去时；7题“开始变得”对应start to feel，用一般过去时；8题“独占某物”用have sth to oneself，主语为第三人称单数，结合语境用一般现在时；9题需组织完整复合句，注意“对……过敏”的表达；10题用不定式作目的状语，结合“努力学习”的短语。单元写作题需先明确审题要求（文体、人称、时态），再梳理“保持健康”的要点（饮食、运动、生活习惯），运用储备表达组织语言，符合词数要求。
【解析】
6题：固定搭配“采取行动”为jump into action，由从句received（过去式）可知主句用一般过去时，故填jumped into action；
7题：“开始变得”对应start to feel，结合语境用一般过去时，故填started to feel；
8题：“独占某物”的固定表达为have sth to oneself，主语my little sister是第三人称单数，结合前面go out的一般现在时，用一般现在时，故填has the TV to herself；
9题：完整句子，“不喜欢”为doesn't like，“对花生过敏”为is allergic to peanuts，故译为Peter doesn't like peanuts because he is allergic to them；
10题：“为了实现你的目标”用不定式To achieve your goal作目的状语，“努力学习”为study hard，故译为To achieve your goal,you should study hard from now on；

【答案】
二、6.jumped into action 7.started to feel
8.has the TV to herself
9.Peter doesn't like peanuts because he is allergic to them
10.To achieve your goal,you should study hard from now on

【知识点】
英语固定搭配、句子翻译、英语写作
【点评】
本题考察英语基础短语、固定搭配的运用以及单元主题写作能力，句子翻译注重基础语法的掌握，写作围绕“保持健康”主题，整合要点并灵活运用所学表达，难度适中，符合单元学习要求。
【难度系数】
0.7

单元主题写作
◎教材主题分析
本单元教材写作情境围绕着"保持健康、安全与急救"展开,此话题属于"人与自我"主题范畴中的"生活与学习"这一主题群,涉及子主题"身心健康,抗挫能力,珍爱生命的意识"。写作中不仅要关注语言表达和思维培养,还要结合自身经历或知识,归纳总结提出保持健康的建议,在情境中灵活运用所学词汇和句型,增强语言运用的实际效果。体裁多为记叙文、说明文、应用文等。
教材写作解读 (Unit 2 Section B 3c)
▶▶审题指导
1.文体:记叙文
2.人称:第三人称
3.时态:一般过去时
4.写作要点:①交代事件背景;②事件发生的过程及结果;③事件的启示。
▶▶思路点拨

▶▶佳作品读
One Saturday, Diana's parents told Diana to learn her lessons at home and they visited their friends.They thought Diana was old enough to ①take care of herself.
After Diana's parents left, she was happy because she was free. While ②turning on the TV,she wasn't feeling well.Her headache got worse and worse. She expected that watching TV could make her forget about the headache.However,it didn't help.After turning off the TV, she lay down on the bed to have a rest for a while.Diana started to feel a little better,but it couldn't ③stop her from having a headache.Her head began to ache again.She couldn't ④suffer from it,so she quickly called for help.
Her parents took her to the hospital as quickly as possible. Dr Cooper ⑤took her temperature and ⑥did a test,and found Diana had a mild cold.Dr Cooper advised Diana to take some medicine and rest for a day.
Diana had such an unhappy day that she would never forget.
教材链接
①【Section A 3a】take care of关心;照顾
②【Section B 1b】turn on打开(电器)
③【Section A 3a】stop...from防止……;阻止……
④【Section A 2d】 suffer from受苦;受折磨
⑤【Section A 3a】take one's temperature给某人量体温
⑥【Section A 3a】do a test做检查
一表达储备
【开头句】
◎As middle school students, we should have a healthy lifestyle.
◎Keeping healthy comes first for everyone.
◎What should we do to keep ourselves safe from harm?
【中间句】
◎If you have a bad...,you should see a doctor/dentist.
◎It stops us from passing the flu virus to others easily.
◎Thanks to the first aid and safety classes I took at school,...
◎You should check the ingredients of anything you eat or drink.
【结尾句】
◎From now on,we should pay more attention to our health.
◎If you take good care of yourself,you'll get better soon.
【名言积累】
◎Health is better than wealth.健康胜于财富。
◎An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果,医生远离我。
◎Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪明。
教材写作应用
国家喊你减肥啦!为了人们的健康,国家提出将持续推进"体重管理年"行动。肥胖将引起很多慢性病或心脑血管疾病,严重影响人们的健康。那么作为青少年,我们应当如何避免肥胖、保持健康呢?请以"How to Keep Healthy"为题,根据以下要点写一篇短文。
提示:

要求:1.必须包含以上所有要点并适当发挥;
2.词数80~100,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
How to Keep Healthy
As the saying goes,"Health is better than wealth." So we must keep healthy.Here are some useful ways to stay healthy.

单元主题写作
One possible version:
How to Keep Healthy
As the saying goes,"Health is better than wealth." So
we must keep healthy.Here are some useful ways to stay
healthy.
First,we need to pay attention to the food we eat.Try to
eat more fruits and vegetables.And we should eat regularly
and avoid eating too much fast food.Second,we can do more
sports.We can play basketball,run or swim at least twice a
week.A strong body can help stop viruses from harming us.
What's more,we should develop some good living habits.We
shouldn't watch videos for too long.Getting enough sleep is
also very important.
All in all,if we take good care of ourselves from now
on,we will have a healthy and happy life.

【解析】
1. 审题明确要求：本题为话题说明文写作，主题是围绕饮食、运动、生活习惯三个维度给出青少年保持健康的建议，词数要求80-100，已给出开头无需重写，需覆盖所有提示要点并适当合理发挥。
2. 搭建行文框架：
第一部分：从饮食维度展开，点明要关注饮食，多吃果蔬、规律进食，避免过量食用快餐，符合表格food类的全部要点。
第二部分：从运动维度展开，说明要定期开展体育锻炼，列举篮球、跑步、游泳等运动形式，保证每周至少两次运动，契合sports类的要求。
第三部分：从生活习惯维度展开，提出要养成良好作息，不过长时间刷视频、保证充足睡眠，覆盖living habits类的要点。
结尾：总结全文，呼吁大家从当下做起照料好自己，收获健康生活。
3. 润色表达：灵活运用本单元所学的pay attention to、stop...from等核心短语，保证语句通顺、逻辑连贯，词数符合要求。
【答案】
First,we need to pay attention to the food we eat.Try to eat more fruits and vegetables.And we should eat regularly and avoid eating too much fast food.Second,we can do more sports.We can play basketball,run or swim at least twice a week.A strong body can help stop viruses from harming us.
What's more,we should develop some good living habits.We shouldn't watch videos for too long.Getting enough sleep is also very important.
All in all,if we take good care of ourselves from now on,we will have a healthy and happy life.
【知识点】
英语话题写作
健康主题表达
常用短语运用
【点评】
本题围绕青少年健康管理的真实情境展开写作，既考查学生对指定写作要点的覆盖能力，也引导学生将本单元所学的健康相关词汇、句型灵活运用到实际表达中，难度适中，能够有效锻炼学生的说明文写作逻辑与语言组织能力。
【难度系数】
0.7